完整的氮肥管理策略提高油菜产量,含油量和氮肥的高效利用.pptx

完整的氮肥管理策略提高油菜产量，含油量和氮肥的高效利用Introduction Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is the dominant oilseed crop in northern Europe. Generally, it requires high amounts of nitrogen (N) but is characterized by low N efficiency fertilizer. Consequently, there is a strong need to resume all the relevant information on N in relation to cropping of winter oilseed rape and environmental impact to improve the efficiency of rape production. To enhance the productivity of winter oilseed rape cropping, integrated N-management strategies are needed including optimized N-supply due to varied crop rotations or fertilization, best soil and crop management practices.Integrated N-management strategies affecting N-efficiency in plant production (Wiesler et al., 2001a)Improving N-efficiency of winter oilseed rape will reduce the potential for environmental pollution and improve economic returns. In terms of the environment, the crop should receive optimum doses of N to insure yield development and to avoid subsequent N-leaching from the soil .Definition of N-efficiencyLiterature to describe the agronomic and physiological range of Nefficiency referring to external and internal N-status N and yield formationThe life cycle of winter oilseed rape is divided into ten principalstages. The use of numerical keys is useful for timing of management operations. Definitions and codes of stages of development in oilseed rape .N and yield formationYield structure of winter oilseed rapeInfluence of environmental factors on plantgrowth and N-efficiencyIntegrated N-management strategiesIntegrated N-management strategiesCrop rotationSeed and grain yield (Mg ha1) of winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, winter barley, pea and oat following different preceding crops (1988–2000, averaged over three husbandry treatments) (Christen, 2001)Crop rotationSeed yield of winter oilseed rape related to previous crop, fertilizer form and N-rate The result showed that winter oilseed rape following winter barley achieved 3