金融学cht6.pptVIP

第六章 商业银行 商业银行是以经营存、放款，办理转账结算为主要业务，以盈利为主要经营目标的金融企业。 与其他金融机构相比，能够吸收活期存款，创造货币，是商业银行最明显的特征。正是这一点，使商业银行具有特殊的职能，它们的活期存款构成货币供给或交换媒介的重要组成部分，也是信用扩张的重要源泉。因此，通常人们又称商业银行为存款货币银行。 根据《商业银行法》规定，我国商业银行可以经营以下业务：吸收公众存款，发放贷款，办理国内外结算、票据贴现，发行金融债券，代理发行、兑付、承销政府债券，买卖政府债券，从事同业拆借，买卖、代理买卖外汇，提供信用证服务及担保，代理收付款及代理保险业务等。近年来，随着市场经济的发展，商业银行的业务发展呈现多样化，如银行卡业务的推广，汽车、住房消费信贷业务的开展，证券投资基金托管业务的开办等。 ? 第一节 商业银行的主要业务种类 一、资产业务 现金资产业务?? 贷款业务 投资业务 二、负债业务 ? 活期存款 定期存款 储蓄存款 三、中间业务 中间业务又称表外业务，其收入不列入银行资产负债表，不受资本金数额约束。 形成非利息收入的业务，不以表内表外为标准划分，与资本充足率关联。 ? ??? To Thrive, Euro Countries Must Cut Welfare State Take the four countries at the epicenter of the euro-area crisis: Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. They are in many ways different, but they have three important characteristics in common . First, total debt in these countries expanded rapidly throughout the past decade -- either because of increased government borrowing (Greece and Portugal) or through a rapid buildup of private debt (Ireland and Spain).. Second, they all ran substantial current-account deficits in the years before the crisis. Third, government spending in those nations grew at remarkably high rates. In Greece and Spain, nominal spending by the state increased 50 percent to 55 percent in the five years before the crisis started, according to my calculations based on government data. In Portugal, public expenditure rose 35 percent; in Ireland, almost 75 percent. No other country in Western Europe came close to these rates. Rising Pension Bill : Take as an illustration the average Spanish pensioner. Until recently, he or she received a state pension that was more than 80 percent of the average salary of current earners. So when the economy was growing strongly, salaries and therefore pensions did, too. That might not be a problem if wages (and pensions) were to fall again when the economy shrank -- but that doesn’t usually happen. Instead, the pension bill tends to remain at the same elevated levels even as economic gro