外语教学流派之 四 任务型.ppt

——倡导“任务型”的教学途径， 培养学生综合语言运用能力 TASK-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING The Task-Based Approach to Language Learning “教学途径”的理解 Approach, Method and Technique Approach, Method and Technique Language teaching is usually discussed in terms of three related aspects: Approach, Method and Technique. Approach An approach (路子，途径）is the perception, essential concept and basic guiding principle about how languages are taught and learned. In other words, it is the theory, philosophy and principles underlying a particular set of teaching practices. There have been the following approaches: The natural approach The cognitive code approach The functional-notional approach The communicative approach The task-based approach Method There have been the following methods: The grammar-translation method The direct method The audiolingual method The sentence-pattern method The situational method The total physical response method The immersion method Teaching techniques include: playing games, singing songs, acting, tongue twister, reciting dialogues, filling in blanks, multiple choice, matching of words with pictures, cloze test, sentence making, translating, etc. drills, role play, pair work, group discussion, retelling, etc. 所探讨的问题 一、任务定义 二、任务类型 三、任务的组成成分 四、任务型教学的定义 五、任务型教学的理论基础 七、任务型教学的原则 八、任务的特征 九、教师的角色 十、课堂任务与作业设计的建议 十一、任务的案例 十二、任务型教学实施的步骤 一、什么是任务 任务的定义 A task is an activity in which ____meaning is primary; ____there is some communication problem to solve; ____there is some sort of relationship to comparable real world activities; ____task completion has some priority; ____the assessment of the task is in terms of outcome. (摘自 P.Skehan,1998:959:10) 综上所述：任务的定义？ 外语教学中的任务是指： 1.任务是一项语言运用活动， 2.任务是一项有明确目的的活动， 3.该活动注重意义而非形式 4.注重任务的完成和用结果评价任务的完成情况. 5.与真实世界有着某种联系的。 以真实世界为参照，以形成语言意义为主旨的，有明确目的的语言运用活动。该活动有某项某项任务要完成，并以任务的结果来评价任务完成的好坏。 二、任务的分类 真实型任务 教学型任务 识别真实性的交际任务 阅读下面的八项任务,判断哪些是真实性(real world) 的交际任