密码学OpenDay2006v2.pptVIP

* Have you ever wanted to hide something from: Your friends? Your family? The Government? If the answer is yes, then you need to learn about Steganography Steganography has nothing to do with dinosaurs! Steganography is the study of hiding information Thousands of years ago, the Greeks used steganography to hide information from their enemies. One hiding method was to engrave a message in a block of wood, then cover it with wax, so it looked like a blank wax tablet. When they wanted to retrieve the message, they would simply melt off the wax. You can try steganography at home by writing on a piece of paper with lemon juice. If you heat the paper with a hair dryer the juice will burn and reveal the hidden message. Note for those who wish to try this at home: Paper burns too, so stop heating the paper before it catches fire! We can also perform steganography using a computer. Everything in a computer is stored as 1’s and 0’s (a bit). Bits are grouped in sets of eight, one set is called a byte.= A= B= C 0 0 1 Bits One byte can be used to represent each letter of the alphabet. This is what is used in text files.11111111 Bytes11111000 Pictures are made up of lots of little dots called pixels. Each pixel is represented as 3 bytes – one for red, one for green and one for blue. Each byte is interpreted as a number, which is how much of that colour is used to make the final colour of the pixel. 248 201 3 248 + 201 + 3 = Orange Colour The difference between two colours that differ by one in either one red, green or blue value is impossible to see with the human eye. 248 + 201 + 3 = Original Colour 247 + 201 + 3 = Red -1 248 + 201 + 4 = Blue +1 If we change the least significant (last) bit in a byte, we either add or subtract one from the value it represents. This means we can overwrite the last bit in a byte without affecting the colour it appears to be. 111