Lecture 2 Phase properties and relations.pptx

Unsaturated soil mechanicsDr. LI, Xu （李 旭）Associate Processor, School of Civil EngineeringEmail: ceXuLi2012@Phase propertiesState of unsaturated soils4 phases model of unsaturated soilsCapillary in unsaturated soilsSuction and humidityAssignmentsState of unsaturated soilsPore-water and pore-air phase in unsaturated soilsState of unsaturated soilsThree-phase or Four-phase?4 phasesSolidparticleVoidPore-airPore-waterContractile skinContractile skinSurface tension表面张力 (surface tension, Ts)定义：展开或收拢物质相交界面上单位面积时所需的能量单位：J/m2，N/mContractile skinSurface tensionTsUnbalanced force in the contractile skinTs: Surface tension The tensile force per unit length along the contractile skin (N/m)毛细管空气?lT固体?水hcua-uwd=2r毛细现象? = 湿润角T = 界面张力ua-uw = 压力差d = 毛管直径毛细水Contractile skinContractile skin presents at the interface between pore-water and pore-airWhat will happen?ua = uw ?Pressure differenceMatric suction (基质吸力)Due to the presence of contractile skin, the pore-water pressure is different with the pore-air pressure in unsaturated soilsWhat’s that in saturated soils?The pressure difference Du=(ua-uw), is referred to as matric suctionSurface tension at soil-air-water interface表面张力????交界面——两个水滴之间的平衡阀门打开会出现什么现象？小水滴曲率半径R1小于大水滴的曲率半径R2 ，其内的水压力大于大水滴。因此阀门打开时，大水滴变得更大，小水滴变得更小。当小水滴进入导管内且形成了一个弯曲半径等于R2的弯液面时，管内液体停止流动。请问：图b中左端界面时外凸还是内凹的？交界面——两个水滴之间的平衡Surface tension交界面——接触角定义：气-水交界面上的切线与水-固交界面上直线之间的夹角α 。固-液-气三相体系内任意两相相互接触物质相的固有属性毛细现象——Young-Laplace方程???毛细现象——Young-Laplace方程 （自学）1806年，Young-Laplace利用势能理论推导了基质吸力与交界面几何形状关系的双曲率模型公式取任意气-水交界面上的一点O为研究对象，假设其达到了力学平衡??????积分毛细现象——Young-Laplace方程???Young-Laplace方程?交界面——非饱和土??Capillary in soilThe capillary phenomenon is illustrated by the rise of a water surface in a capillary tubeThe weight of the water column is transferred to the tube through the contractile skinCapillary tubes showing the air-water interfaces at different radii of curvature水头 h (Water Head, unit: m)?Water head profile (under static hydraulic equilibrium)毛细现象——毛细上升高度表面张力作用使得毛细管内水上升，上升高度与孔径大小