芬兰老师是怎样“炼成”的？.docVIP

芬兰老师是怎样“炼成”的？In a quiet classroom adorned with the joyful creations of small children， Ville Sallinen is learning what makes Finland’s schools the envy of the world.Sallinen， 22， is teaching a handful of eight-yearolds how to read. He is nearing the end of a short placement in the school during his five-year master’s degree in primary school teaching.Viikki teacher training school in eastern 1）Helsinki describes itself as a laboratory for student teachers. Here， Sallinen can try out the theories he has learned at the university to which the school is 2）affiliated. It’s the equivalent of university teaching hospitals for medical students.Finland is going through a deep economic crisis， and there are financial pressures on schools， just as there are on the rest of the public sector. But the five-year master’s degree for primary school teachers is not in question.Leena Krokfors， professor of teaching at Helsinki University， says： “The beef in the Finnish teacher training system is the time that students have to learn.”The high-level training is the basis for giving young teachers a great deal of 3）autonomy to choose what methods they use in the classroom―in contrast to England， Krokfors says， where she feels teaching is “somewhere between administration and giving tests to students”. In Finland， teachers are largely free from external requirements such as inspection， standardised testing and government control； school inspections were scrapped in the 1990s.“Teachers need to have this high-quality education so they really do know how to use the freedom they are given， and learn to solve problems in a research-based way，”Krokfors says. “The most important thing we teach them is to take 4）pedagogical decisions and judgments for themselves.”In Britain， by contrast， academies， private schools and free schools can hire people to teach even if they are not qualified. Labour claimed in 2013 that becoming a teacher in Britain was now easier than flipping burgers.Olli M？tt？？， a