法律英语课件4全解.pptVIP

法律英语 Lesson Four Judicial System Good order is the foundation of all things. E.Burke, British statesman　 良好的秩序是一切的基础。 英国政治家 伯克 E　 专业词汇 The supreme Court Courts of Appeals District Courts Special courts Three-tiered model Litigant：诉讼当事人 Plead his case before……为…辩护；维护； specialized federal tribunals：联邦专门法庭 capital punishment：死刑 writ of certiorari：复审令 on the bench：任期 career judiciary： 职业法官 popular vote President Senate：参议院 gross misconduct：严重不端行为 The American Bar Association’s code of Judicial Conduct：“法官行为准则” Background 美国司法制度的特点： 贯彻三权分立的原则，实行司法独立； 法院组织分为联邦和地方两大系统； 联邦最高法院享有特殊的司法审查权。 State and Federal Courts Throughout the United States there are two judicial systems. One system consists of state and local courts established under the authority of the state governments. The other is the Supreme Court and the federal court system, created by Congress under the authority of the Constitution of the United States. 美国联邦法院 正门上写着一行字:法律下的公平正义 最出名的数位法官 首席大法官 John Marshall(1801-1835） Earl Warren（1953-1969） William Rehnquist（1986-2005） William Rehnquist Earl Warren Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was the 14th Chief Justice of the United States and the only person elected Governor of California three times. Before holding these positions, Warren served as a district attorney for Alameda County, California and Attorney General of California. He is best known for the sweeping liberal decisions of the Warren Court, which ended school segregation and transformed many areas of American law, especially regarding the rights of the accused, ending school prayer, and requiring “one-man-one vote” rules of apportionment. He made the Court a power center on a more even base with Congress and the presidency especially through four landmark decisions: Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Reynolds v. Sims (1964), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966). 1954年的布朗诉教育委员会案（裁定公立学校种族隔离违宪）、1962年到1964年期间的“一人一票”各案（极大改变了很多州农村地区的投票权重）、Hernandez 诉德克萨斯州案（裁定墨西