冠词、名词研究.ppt

知识 精析 菜 单 语法 专练 隐 藏 2012 · 优化探究 · 新课标高三总复习 · 配外研英语 山东金太阳书业有限公司 [冠词] 当代语法把冠词分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词(即不用冠词)三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词(或名词化的形容词分词)前面，说明其所指的人或物。 一、定冠词的基本用法 1．表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful. 2．用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please. 3．用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。 4．用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right. 5．用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest. 6．用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded. 7．用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation. 8．用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake. 9．用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths. 10．用于乐器、发明物、年代名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin. The compass was invented in China. He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 11．固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time. 二、不定冠词的基本用法 1．泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table. 2．指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver.Longjing is a wonderful tea. 3．指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. 4．用于某些表示重量、长度、时间等单位的单词前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.(我们一天吃三餐。) 5．表示同样的。如：They are of an age.(他们是同岁。) 6．表数量，相当于one，但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 7．使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother.(a hand译“帮手”) 8．固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact, in a hurry, in a word. 三、不用冠词的情况 1．表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.(儿童喜欢卡通影片。) 2．不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English. 3．名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. 4．季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most. 5．呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother? 6．三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch? 7．节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. 8．球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball. 9．在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牵手); side by side(肩对肩); day and day(日日夜夜); young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨家挨户); from beginning to end(从头到尾); from morning til