2014化工热力学授课教案.docVIP

Chapter 11 Solution thermodynamics: Theory Purpose: In the chemical, petroleum, and pharmaceutical industries multi-component gases or liquids commonly undergo composition changes as the result of mixing and separation processes, the transfer of species from one phase to another, or chemical reaction. To develop the theoretical foundation for applications of thermodynamics to gas mixtures and liquid solutions 目的 1、了解溶液热力学的基本概念 2、学习溶液热力学的基本原理 3、为相平衡的学习打下基础 content 11.1 Fundamental Property Relation11.2 The chemical Potential and Phase Equilibrium11.3 Partial Properties11.4 Ideal-Gas Mixture11.5 Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient: Pure Species 11.6 Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient: Species in Solution11.7 Generalized Correlations for the Fugacity Coefficient11.8 The Ideal Solution11.9 Excess Properties 11.1 Fundamental Property Relation REVIEW Fundamental Property Relations of Thermodynamics for Homogeneous Phase System For one mol For n mol 使用这些方程时一定要注意一下几点： 恒组分，恒质量体系，也就是封闭体系； 均相体系（单相）； 平衡态间的变化；只存在体积功； 常用于1摩尔的时的性质。 For the more general case of a single-phase, open system Chemical potential In the same way Fundamental Property Relation For the case of n mole of solution For the case of one mole of solution n=1 ni=xi → 11.2 The chemical Potential and Phase Equilibrium For a closed system consisting of two phases in equilibrium Each individual phase is an open system The total system property is expressed by Since the two-phase system is closed For a closed system consisting ofπphases in equilibrium Multiple phases at the same T and P are in equilibrium when the chemical potential of each species is the same in all phases Attention Key points in this section 11.3 Partial Properties 11.3.1 Definition of the partial molar property the partial molar property of species i in solution 在恒温、恒压下，物系的容量性质随某种组分摩尔数的变化率叫做该组分的偏摩尔性质。 Attention ： Solution properties Pure-species properties Par