定语从句学的难点突破.docVIP

定语从句学习的难点突破 ???? 所谓定语从句（THE ATTRABUTIVE CLAUSE）是指在主从复合句中修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。定语从句在英语学习中是比较复杂却又是运用的比较广泛的一种从句形式,是各级各类英语语法必考的热点之一，也是考生通常感到较难掌握的语言知识之一，而且随着阅读理解在各种考试中得占分比例的增加，定语从句的重要性就更加突出了，因为，使阅读文章复杂化的简单途径就是借助于定语从句。 ??? 所以正确理解定语从句不仅在单项选择，而且在完形填空、阅读理解、以及书面表达中都非常重要，因为定语从句的掌握好坏直接影响到考生们对于长句、难句、复杂句的理解，进而直接影响考生的得分。整理本定语从句语法专题的目的，就是帮助考生用最短的时间攻克定语从句学习难关，在考试中取得好成绩。 一、定语从句的基本概念： (一)定义 作 用 在句子中作定语,修饰句子中的某一名词或代词,从句须放在先行词之后。 关 联 词 ?关联词用于引导一个定语从句,代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。 (二)关系代词的作用 作用 例????? 句 ? ? 1. 作 主 语 ?1. The student who is talking with the monitor is Lucy.（指人作主语） ?2. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.（指物作主语） 2. 作 表 语 ?3.She is no longer the girl that she used to be.（指人作表语） ? ? 3. 作 宾 语 ?4.The student? whom (who)you want to see has come already.（指人作宾语） ?5.The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.（指物作宾语） 4. 作 定 语 ? ?6.The girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard.（指人作定语） (三)须用that引导的定语从句 情况1： nothing,everything,anything,much, all,little，something等不定代词作先行词时，常用that引导从句. 例句: ? Is there anything that I can do for you? 情况2:指物的先行词前被序数词修饰时。 例句: ? The first thing that we should do is to help him. 情况3:指物的先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。 例句: ? This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen. 情况4:指物的先行词前被the very, the only, the same修饰时。 ?例句: ? That’s the very tool that we are looking for. 情况5:先行词既指人又指物时。例?句: ? They talked about the things and friends that they could remember. 情况6:主句是由Who/Which引导的特殊疑问句时。例?句: ? Who is the man that is standing over there? ? Which is the tool that you are looking for? (四)不可由that引导的定语从句: 情况1:在非限制性定语从句中。例?句: Mr Smith ,who lives in Chicago, is a? doctor . 情况2:关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时。例?句: ? This is the room in which Mr Liu once lived . 情况3:由that作先行词时。例?句: ? The bread which is made by my mother is better than that which is sold in food shops. 情况4: someone.somebody,nobody,anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody等指人的不定代词作先行词时。例?句: ? Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. ??（五）非限制性定语从句的特点： 1.不能用that引导定语从句。 2.关系代词不能省略。 3.非限制性定语从句前需有逗号 ? （六）关系副词的