TheSociologicalDebateTheGenderPayGap课文翻译程序.doc

The Sociological Debate:The Gender Pay Gap 关于一个社会问题的讨论——性别收入差异 一、原文及译文 The “gender gap” in pay is a widely recognized fact.Even as recently as 1994,women who worked full time year round(that is,more than 35 hours per week for 42 weeks per year)earned only 72 percent as much as men.What could account for this discrepancy? 有一个公认的事实是在收入方面存在性别上的差异。甚至早在1994年，全职工作的女性工作一年，也就是说每周工作35小时，一年工作42周所获得的最多收入也仅有男性收入的百分七十二。那么我们将如何解释这种差异呢？ Sex segregation or gender typing is viewed by many sociologists as a cause of the “gender gap” in earnings.Sex segregation refers to the fact that men and women are concentrated in different occupations.For instance,in 1989,jobs that were over 80 percent female included secretary,childcare worker,hairdresser,cashier,bookkeeper,Telephoneoperator,receptionist,typist,elementary school teacher,librarian,and nurse.Jobs that were over 80 percentmale included doctor,lawyer,dentist,taxi driver,plumber,electrician, carpenter,firefighter,auto mechanic,machinist,and truck driver. 很多社会学家认为造成收入性别差异的一个原因是男女之间存在职业中的性别隔离和不同的性别特征。职业中的性别隔离现象指的是男女分别集中于不同的工作领域。拿1989年的数据来说，秘书，儿童保育员，理发师，出纳，会计，话务员，接待员，打字员，小学老师，图书管理员，护士这些岗位超过百分八十是女性工作者。而医生，律师，牙医，出租车司机，管道工，电工，木工，消防员，汽车修理工，机械师和卡车司机这些岗位超过百分八十是男性工作者。 In 1990,many women still worked in primarily female occupations.Of the 56 million women in the labor force in 1990,one-third worked in just 10 of the 503 detailed occupations recognized in the U.S.Census.These top-ten occupations included secretary,elementary school teacher,cashier,registered nurse,bookkeeper, nurse’s aide,and waitress.Men were more evenly distributed across the 503 census occupational groups;only 25 percent worked in the top ten occupations(versus 33 percent of women). 1990年，许多妇女仍然从事着女性职业，在5600万妇女劳动力中，仅有三分之一的人从事着503个被美国人口普查承认的职业中的十个职业。这十大职业包括秘书，小学老师，收银员，护士，簿记员，护工和服务员。而男性则更均匀得分布在这503个职业中，只有百分25的男性从事这十大职业，而有百分之33的女性从事着这十大职业。 The reason that sex segregation is problematic is because the gender composition of a job is associated with the pay received for that job.Th