enzymes.pptVIP

Chapter 6. Enzymes An introduction to enzymes Enzyme kinetics (酶促反应动力学) Enzyme mechanism (酶的作用机制) Introduction to enzyme engineering (酶工程简介) I. An introduction to enzymes Importance of enzymes (酶的重要性) The history of enzyme research (酶研究的历史) Enzyme properties (酶的性质) Classification and nomenclature (酶的分类和命名) Enzyme activity and its determination (酶活性及其测定) Separation, purification and storage of enzymes (酶的分离提纯和储存) 1. Importance of enzymes Extraordinary catalytic power Central to all biochemical processes Practical importance In routine life In industry In medical care …… Prof. K. Barry Sharpless: Winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2001for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions 2. The history of enzyme research Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine 3. Enzyme properties Most enzymes are proteins Exhibiting all protein properties Simple conjugated enzymes Mono-/oligo-/multimeric enzymes Enzymes are biocatalysts Working as regular chemical catalysts Advantages over chemical catalysts Enzymes as proteins Enzyme Cofactors Enzymes as biocatalysts a). Working as chemical catalysts How does an enzyme work? Activation Energy (活化能, kJ/mol) Enzymes as biocatalysts Advantages over chemical catalysts High catalytic efficiency High specificity Mild conditions Regulation Catalytic power 4. Classification and Nomenclature (酶的分类和命名) Enzyme Classification and Examples (酶的分类举例) Enzyme Nomenclature (酶的命名) Class 2: Transferases (转移酶类) 5. Enzyme activity and its determination(酶活力及其测定) Definition of enzyme activity (酶活性的定义) Activity (酶活力) Activity unit (酶的活力单位) Specific activity (比活力) Turnover number (转换数) Determination of enzyme activity (酶活力的测定) Activity and activity unit Activity (酶活力) -- Ability of the enzyme to catalyze a reaction -- Usually expressed as the initial reaction rate (通常以初始反应速度表示) S ? P, V = ?[P]/?t = -?[S]/?t Activity unit (酶活力单位) at 25oC under optimal conditions: International unit: 1 IU = 1 ?mol/min Katal: 1 Kat = 1 mol/