2012专业英语翻译.docVIP

Lesson2 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds and Chemical Formulas无机合成命名法与化学公式 Communication among chemists is simplified by an internationally accepted system of notation—chemical formulas.化学家之间的通信是由一个国际公认的符号系统简化—化学公式。 As you know，each of elements has its symbol derived from its Latin name and all chemists know what this symbol represents：如你所知，每个元素都有其符号从它的拉丁文名称派生的所有化学家知道这是什么符号代表： E.g Hg—hydrargyrum—in English speaking countries mercury，in German speaking countries QUECKSILBER，in Czech RTUT，in Slovak ORTUT.例如：Hg—汞—在英语国家里写作mercury，在德语国家QUECKSILBER，在捷克RTUT，在斯洛伐克ORTUT。 This “chemical alphabet”is very useful and an artificial language for expression of the structure of various compounds has been accepted on its basis.这种“化学字母”是非常有用的，一种人工语言的各种化合物的结构表达式已被接受的基础上。 A chemical formula is a representation of the number and kind of atoms in a molecule of a substance and it is used in addition（or in place）of the name of the substance in question.化学式是原子物质的分子的数量和种类的代表，它是有关物质通常加成（或者取代）的名称。 At first you have to master the English and Latin names of elements.首先你必须掌握元素的英文和拉丁文名称。 The symbol of an elements originates in Latin name that is usually the same or nearly the same as the English name（carboneum—carbon，chlorum—chlorine，nicollum—nickel）.一种元素的符号源于拉丁文名称，通常是相同或几乎相同的英文名称（carboneum碳，chlorum氯，nicollum镍）。 Unfortunately，there are some elements with completely different names：不幸的是，有一些元素的名称完全不同： Sb—stibium—antimony；Cu—cuprum—copper；Au—aurum—gold；Fe—ferrum—iron；Pb—plumbum—lead；Hg—hydrargyrum—mercury；Na—natrium—sodium；K—kalium—potassium；Ag—argentum—silver；W—wolfram—tungsten；Sn—stannum—tin。Sb—stibium—锑；Cu—cuprum—铜；Au—aurum—金；Fe—ferrum—铁；Pb—plumbum—铅；Hg—hydrargyrum—贡；Na—natrium—钠；K—kalium—钾；Ag—argentum—银；W—wolfra—钨；Sn—stannum—锡。 What are the basic rules of formula formation and what can help us？什么是配方形成的基本规律，什么能帮助我们？ At first knowledge of the oxidation number，which is a charge arbitrarily assigned to atoms by assuming that all electrons in covalent bond belong to the more electronegative atom.起初关