专业英语R11019.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 句首时态 ?若句首为其他文献作者报道、讨论或综述的内容，用过去 时或现在完成时： In 1968, studies of infections hepatitis in volunteers were reported. … has seldom been reported in this country. ?表达作者着手研究时所确定的目的，用一般过去时： The purpose / aim / objective of this study was to evaluate /assess /observe/ watch the utility of … ?表达本文的目的，用一般现在时： The purpose of this report is to emphasize /discuss the value of radiation. 摘要中一般不含参考文献。必须引用文献时，一定要准确详细列出。如： Mandel et al. (1975, BBA 408:123), using Cecropia midget, suggested that crt. b5 linked oxidative metabolism and active transport of potassium. 4.3.3 方法与结果的撰写 研究的过程与方法这部分的内容依赖于论文的创新性和重要性，重点应介绍新的重要材料和方法；研究结果是同行最关注的内容，应占摘要的主要部分。 The materials sensitivity to hydrogen is studied and measured in this work using the disk pressure testing, whose principle is the comparison of the rupture parameters obtained with metallic membranes tested similarly under helium and hydrogen. Such technique allows various studies and reveals parameters that remain not significant with less sensitive methods. This work presents an overview of numerous experimental results concerning the influence of various factors (material and gas composition, mechanical and heat treatments, type of microstructure...) on the hydrogen embrittlement of ferrous and nonferrous alloys. There are shown synergies between such factors, related to physical and metallurgical phenomena and we give some practical considerations, which can be useful for the evaluation of the safety offered by different materials in contact with hydrogen and for searching ways to improve their behavior. Future advanced nuclear plants are considered to operate as cogeneration plants for electricity and heat. Metals and alloys will be the main portion of structural materials employed (including fuel claddings). Due to the operating conditions these materials are exposed to dama