第4讲 形容词、副词.ppt

第4讲　形容词、副词 (一)形容词变副词 1．形容词变副词的规则： (1)一般在形容词词尾加ly。 careful→carefully； (2)以y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加ly。 happy→happily； (3)以le结尾的形容词，将e直接变为y。 terrible→terribly，probable→probably，passible→possibly 2．特殊情况 (1)不是所有的副词都由形容词加ly构成。 good→well (2)有的形容词本身也可作副词。 He is a fast runner.(形容词) He runs fastest in our class.(副词) 注意：deep，wide，close，high等副词与deeply，widely，closely， highly 等ly结尾的副词有区别，后者主要指抽象的程度。 ①close与closely close意思是“近”；closely 意思是“仔细地” He is sitting close to me.他靠近我坐。 Watch him closely.我仔细看他。 ②late与lately late意思是“晚”；lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late.你来得太晚了。 What have you been doing lately？你最近干了些什么？ ③deep与deeply deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地” He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把树枝插进土里。 Even father was deeply moved by the film. 甚至我的父亲都被这部电影深深地打动了。 ④high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high.飞机飞得很高。 I think highly of your opinion.我认为你的观点很超前。 ⑤wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方” He opened the door wide.他把门大开着。 English is widely used in the world.英语在全世界被广泛地运用。 ⑥free与freely free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地” You can eat free in my restaurant.在我的餐馆里你可以免费吃。 You may speak freely;say what you like.你喜欢说什么,尽管说。 (二)用法及区别 1．形容词的用法 形容词修饰名词，在句中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。 There was a nice old wooden bridge over the river ten years ago. (定语) Your bedroom is clean and tidy. (表语) I find the boy friendly and hard-working. (宾语补足语) 如果名词前有多个形容词作定语，则应按照以下顺序排列： 限定词(冠词、代词、数词等)→性质→长短、大小、形状→老少、新旧→颜色 →国籍、地区、出处→材料→用途→名词。 There is a beautiful large old red Chinese wooden bed on show in the museum. 注意：形容词的特殊用法。 (1)有的形容词如alone, afraid, asleep, alive, awake, ashamed, ill (生病的), worth, glad, unable, well等只能用作表语，不能用作定语。 He has been ill for a few months.( 错) She is not asleep, she is awake.(√) (2)当形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在其后面。 —Is there anything else that you want to say? —No, nothing else. (3)形容词一般不能用作状语。 She speaks English good.(错) She speaks English well.(√) 2．副词的用法 副