第二讲_直译意译.ppt

第二讲 直译、意译 literal translation and free translation 1. The time-honoured debate over word-for-word translation and sense-for-sense translation (Cicero, Horatius, Jerome etc.) In China, the debate is 直译、意译 直译：支谦《法句经序》：因循本旨，不加文饰 意译：鸠摩罗什 (Kumarajiva) 《鸠摩罗什传》：改梵为秦，失其藻蔚，虽得大意，殊隔文体，有似喂饭与人，非徒失味，乃令呕秽也。 2．直译(literal translation)、 意译(free translation、liberal translation)、 死译(word for word translation)、 胡译(uncontrolled/unrestricted translation) 死译 死译：以词为单位、严格、机械的将译入语的词汇与原文对等，尽量做到“对号入座”。由于亦步亦趋，过分拘泥于原文的形式，译文生硬晦涩，往往是佶屈聱牙、难以卒读，或根本无法理解。 The body lay white and still beneath the tree. Inadequate translation: 这具尸体苍白而安静地躺在树下。 The alternatives are clear to see. Inadequate translation: 代替的方法，现在已经清楚在望。 解决的方法，（另外能行通的方法）已经显而易见。 They have barely enough time to catch the train. (讨论译文)他们仅有足够的时间赶上火车。 It was an old and ragged moon. （死译）那是一个又老又破的月亮。 Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. （死译）他的许多思想对当代青年特别有趣。 Every atom of your flesh is as dear to me as my own: in pain and sickness it would still be dear. （死译）肉中的每一个原子，对我来说，都像我自己的一样亲;它即使在病痛中，仍然是亲的。 There isn’t an atom of thruth in it. 发展是硬道理。 （死译）Development is hard reason. 这件事给邻居知道，岂不笑歪了嘴？ （死译）When neighbors heard of this, they’d laugh their mouths wry. （改译）When neighbors heard of this, they’d laugh their head off. 你唠叨得我耳朵都起了老茧。 （死译） Your nag has produced cocoons in my ears. （改译） You have talked the hind leg off the donkey. Nixon was smiling and Kissinger smiling more broadly. （死译）尼克松微笑着，基辛格笑得更宽阔。 An old dog like him never barks in vain. Whenever he barks, he always has some wise counsel worth listening to. （死译）像他这样的老狗是从不乱叫的，一叫他总有高见值得一听。 The camera gives us a lasting picture with all details of the object. (讨论译文)照相机给与我们包括物体一切细节的永久性照片。 Didn’t she swear she’d never again believe anything in trousers? (讨论译文)她不是发誓再不相信穿裤子的东西了吗？ We in Zambia would like to build a colorblind society where all men can have equal opportunity. (讨论译文)……建立一个色盲的社会…… 那地方是块肥肉，谁都想吃。 (讨论译文)That place is a piece of fat meat, and e