美国文学2015.ppt

美国文学 （一）浪漫主义文学运动（以１８２９年为界分为前后两个时期） 前期 美国民族文学的创立 欧文Irving, Washington (1783-1859) 库柏Cooper, James Fenimore (1789-1851) 　 他们多以美国的历史传说、风土人情、自然风光为题材，以浪漫的笔调，勾画了童年美国的形象，为建立美国的民族文学迈出了重要的一步。 欧文(Washington Irving1783-1859) American writer, the first American author to achieve international renown, who created the fictional character Rip Van Winkle. The critical acceptance and enduring popularity of Irvings tales involving these characters proved the effectiveness of the short story as an American literary form. 欧文的创作 《纽约外史》 A History of New York (1809) 《见闻札记》 The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (1819-1820) 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》Rip Van Winkle 《睡谷传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 库柏 （James Fenimore Cooper 1789-1851） American novelist, travel writer, and social critic, regarded as the first great American writer of fiction. He was famed for his action-packed plots and his vivid, if somewhat idealized, portrayal of American life in the forest and at sea. 库柏的创作 The Spy (1821) a novel about the American Revolution (1775-1783) in New York State . The Pioneers, the first of the five novels that make up the Leather-Stocking Tales. (Natty Bumppo) The Last of the Mohicans (1826), The Prairie (1827), The Pathfinder (1840) The Deerslayer (1841) 爱伦·坡Edgar Allan?Poe (1809-1849) American writer, known as a poet and critic but most famous as the first master of the short-story form, especially tales of the mysterious and macabre. The literary merits of Poes writings have been debated since his death, but his works have remained popular and many major American and European writers have professed their artistic debt to him. 爱伦坡的理论与创作 诗歌 富于音乐性，形式精美。影响及象征主义及现代派。 《诗歌原理》、《创作原理》、《评霍桑重讲一遍的故事》 提倡“纯艺术”“纯诗歌”。强调“诗的统一性在于感情与情绪”，写诗在于表达“忧郁之情”。 爱伦坡的侦探小说 The Fall of the House of Usher(1839) The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841) 小说“把滑稽提高到怪诞，把害怕发展到恐惧，把机智夸大成嘲弄，把奇特变成怪异和神秘”。 小说的基调： 忧郁、悲观、神秘。 爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) American essayist and poet, a leader of th