(2014秋)八年级报纸电子版·牛津深圳版(第20期).docVIP

（2014秋）初二牛津报纸电子版（第20期） 语法运用 Grammar in use 一、现在完成时与since和for 上一单元我们初步学习了现在完成时, 本单元我们来学习一下由since或for引导的时间状语的现在完成时。 since since+过去某个时间点。如： I have lived here since I was ten years old. 我从十岁时就住在这里了。 瞬间动词不与 “since+过去某个时间点” 连用表示动作的持续性, 应改为持续性动词。如: Jack has left school since 6 o’clock. (×) Jack has been away from school since 6 o’clock. (√) 杰克自从六点就离开学校了。 瞬间动词的否定式可以与 “since+过去某个时间点” 或 “for+一段时间”连用, 表示某个动作不发生的状态已经持续了一段时间。如: I haven’t met him for years. 我已经多年没见他了。 She hasn’t gone to her hometown since last year. 她从去年以来就没有回过家乡了。 for for + 一段时间,如: He has worked for seven hours without rest.他已经连续工作七小时了。 瞬间动词不与 “for+一段时间”连用表示动作的持续性, 应改为持续性动词。如: She has left for two hours. (×) She has been away for two hours. (√) 她已经离开两个小时了。 【语法笔记】 1. 瞬间动词表示短暂的动作, 如: come, go, leave, start, begin, become, receive和die, 而持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作, 如: work, stay, live和learn。 2. since除了可以跟表示过去某个时间点的名词或名词短语构成时间状语外, 也可以引导时间状语从句, 且从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时。如: I have not been back to my middle school since I left. 自从我离开我的中学以后我再也没有回去过。 3. 注意since和for不能同时使用。如: (×) Lisa has lived in Canada for three years since 2011. 二、现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 时态 区别 现在完 成时 现在完成时用来表示动作或状态发生在过去, 但它的影响现在还存在, 强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果。 谓语动词为: have / has+动词的过去分词 现在完成时中常用的时间状语或词语: for, since, ever, never, yet before, recently, already… 现在完成时的谓语动词一般是延续性动词, 如: stay, live, be, teach, work, study, 如果谓语是瞬间动词, 则用其否定式。 一般过 去时 一般过去时只是陈述过去的事实,不考虑与现在的关系。 谓语动词为: 动词的过去式 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week, last year, one year ago, in 1990, just now... 一般过去时既可和瞬间动词连用, 如: come, go, begin, start, finish, become, 也可和延续性动词连用,如: have, know。 实战演练 I. 用since或for填空, 完成句子。 1. The man has been away from China _______ ten years. 2. The girl has collected stamps ______ she was five years old. 3. I have studied Russian _______ last month. 4. Tom has worked _______ five hours. 5. My English is very good because I have learned it ______ seven years. 6. William has lived here ______ he got married. 7. Miss Lin has taught in this school ________ 2010. 8. May is in her office. Sh