毕业论文二氧化铈.docVIP

摘 要 CeO2是一种价廉且用途极广的稀土氧化物材料，具有广阔的市场应用前景。近年来，氧化铈纳米材料的形貌、尺寸控制以及性能应用方面已成为研究的热点之一。 本论文采用水热法制备纳米氧化铈材料。在无表面活性剂和CTAB辅助下合成出不同形貌结构的氧化铈纳米材料（如球状、棒状等），然后利用X射线衍射法（XRD），扫描电镜 (SEM)，热重（TG）分析等多种分析方法表征所制备样品的结构及形貌。利用紫外―可见分光光度法(UV-Vis)对制备的纳米氧化铈的紫外吸收性能进行表征。 研究分析表面活性剂、反应物的加入量、反应时间及反应温度对样品形貌、结构的不同影响。通过对实验结果的分析与讨论，初步探讨样品形貌的反应形成机理。 结果分析表明：反应物配比、水热反应温度和反应时间等是影响氧化铈粒度和形貌的主要因素。 通过对产物结构与性能的表征，证明了氧化铈纳米材料具有很好的紫外吸收性能，可用来做紫外遮光和防护材料。 通过对样品形貌的反应形成机理的研究，初步探明纳米氧化铈的束状与花状形貌是热力学与动力学相结合的反应过程。 关键词：稀土材料；纳米材料；水热法；氧化铈 Abstract Ceria is a cheap and widely used industry material, which has a broad market applied prospect. Recently, the controls of morphology, size and applications of properties about CeO2 nanomaterials have been the key issues. The ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The synthesized samples were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) . The morphology and particle size were controlled through reaction time, temperature,the quantity of reactant and urea concentration. And the cause of controlling morphologies and particle sizes were discussed.The possible mechanism for the flower-like morphology formation was supposed. The experiment results indicate that the main factors influencing on particle size morphology of cerium oxide are:the quantity of reactant,the reaction temperature and time. UV-vis absorption analyses revealed the ceria nano-material have very strong absorption which of the absorption region is up to 800nm，which can be used as the ultraviolet and protective material. The experiment results indicate that the possible mechanism for the flower-like morphology formation is the reaction process of combining thermodynamics with dynamics. Key words :Rare earth materials; Nano-materials; Hydrothermal synthesis method; CeO2  目 录 摘 要 Abstract 第1章 绪论 1 1.1 纳米二氧化铈粉体的性质