施拉姆大众传播媒介与社会发展.docxVIP

Mass media and national development: the role of information in the developing countriesSchramm, W 1964大众传播媒介与社会发展：信息对发展中国家的作用一、???? 写作背景In the 1960s there was a strong belief in the power of mass media to easily propagate ideas on social change. Calls to improve mass communication systems of underdeveloped countries were made as a response to the UN General Assembly Report saying that 70% of the world’s population had inadequate access to information. Said calls came with the need to write a guide on how underdeveloped countries could optimise the power of the mass media for development. Wilbur Schramm accepted the task. He was then connected with the Stanford Institute of Communication Research. The product was this book, Mass media and national development: the role of information in the developing countries. This book implicitly argues that the nation-state promoting development is ideal, and that the media can hasten the process. Schramm argues the media entice people to change. However, media can only do so much when it comes to influencing people in making major attitudinal change. The book discusses campaigns on agriculture, health, literacy and formal education using mass media. Just like works of Lerner, Rogers and other modernists, ideas put forward in this book have been widely contested worldwide, especially when it comes to the power of mass media in influencing major behavioural change.20世纪60年代，人们坚信大众传播媒介有便捷传播社会变革信息的能力。联合国大会报告显示全球有70%的人口缺乏获得信息的渠道，因此有呼吁认为应促进不发达国家的大众传播系统的建设。针对上述呼吁，需要有人来撰写文书阐明不发达国家应如何充分利用大众传播媒介的影响以促进国家发展。施拉姆接受了这项任务，并且联系了斯坦福传播研究学院。他的研究成果就是这本书——《大众传播媒介与社会发展：信息对发展中国家的作用》。这本书含蓄地指出，国家需要发展，而媒介能加速其发展进程。施拉姆认为媒介能促使人们发生改变，但是，媒介只能在一定程度上影响人们在主要的态度方面发生改变。这本书论述了人们如何在农业和文教卫方面运用大众传播媒介。就像勒纳、罗杰斯和其他现代主义学者所说的一样，这本书提出的观点引起了世界范围的争论，特别是关于这本书所提到的，大众传播媒介对人们主要行为改变的影响力的观点。二、???? 主要观点 施拉姆于1964年出版的《大众传播媒介与社会发展》，从宏观战略角度出发，强调发展中国家应充分重视大众传播的作用，加大力度、提高效应，以促进现代化。他全面提出了关于第三世界国家利用大众传播事业促进社会发展的系统理论、发展战略和政策意见，第一次具体而全面的阐述了传播与发展的各种现实问题。这既是对以往研究成果的总结，又把发展传播学推进到更富有实践性的新阶段，对学术界、传