社会学的理论结构(第7版),第3章,中英对照PPT.ppt

第3章 分析功能主义：帕森斯 帕森斯或许是他那个时代最重要的理论家，再也不会有哪种理论能如此显要地占据社会学理论的地位。毫无疑问，从20世纪50年代到70年代末，帕森斯的功能主义始终是社会学理论论战的焦点。这一点，甚至连那些对帕森斯的功能学说持否定态度的人也无法否认。即使在帕森斯仙逝多年和功能主义理论鼎盛岁月过去十多年之后，他的功能主义依然是争论的主题。要评价帕森斯的贡献及功能主义对20世纪下半叶社会学的影响，我认为最好从1937年他出版第一部重要著作《社会行动的结构》开始。 3 Analytical Functionalism: Talcott Parsons Talcott Parsons(1902-1979)was probably the most prominent theorist of his time, and it is unlikely that any one theoretical approach will so dominate sociological theory again. In the years between 1950 and the late:1970s, Parsonian functionalism clearly the focal point around which the-oretical controversy raged.Even those who despised Parsons functional approach could not ignore it. Even now, years after his death and more than decades since its period of dominance, Parsoman functionalism is still the subject of controversy . To appreciate Parsons achievement in bringing functionalism to the second half of the twentieth century, it is best to start at the beginning, in 1937, when he published his first major work, The Structure Of Social Action. 社会行动的结构 在《社会行动的结构》一书中，帕森斯提倡用“分析性现实主义”来建立社会学理论。我们要用少量社会学理论的重要概念来“恰当地‘理解’外部世界的各个方面……这些概念并不对应具体的现象，而是对应从这些现象中可以分离出来和可以分析的要素”。首先，理论必须包含从复杂的经验现实中抽象出涵盖面广、可分析的概念。这样，概念就把现象从复杂的社会现实中分离出来。 THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIAL ACTION In The Structure of Social Action, Parsons advocated using an analytical realism to build sociological theory. Theory in sociology must use a limited number of important concepts that adequately grasp aspects of the external world……These concepts do .not correspond to concrete phenomena; but to elements in them that are analytically separable from other elements .Thus ,first ,theory must involve the development of concepts that abstract from empirical reality ,in all its diversity and confusion ,conmmon analutical emements .In this way ,concepts will isolate phenomena from their embeddedness in the complex relations that constitute social reality. 帕森斯分析性现实主义的特点就是他坚持把抽象概念应用于社会学的分析。帕森斯不提倡把这些概念直接搬用到理论陈