2014中考语法专项时态和语态例析.pptVIP

2. 一般过去式与现在完成时的区别 3. 常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化 (1) 将短暂性动词转化为“be +形容词或副词”。 他的爷爷去世八年了。 His grandfather has died for 8 years. (×) His grandfather has been dead for 8 years. (√) (2) 有的短暂性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词。 那本书我借了一个月了。 I have borrowed that book for one month. (×) I have kept that book for one month. (√) 【语法精练】 1. (2014·湖州) — The Amazing Spider Man 2 is on these days. It’s fantastic. — Really? But I ________ it yet. A. didn’t see B. won’t see C. haven’t seen D. am not seeing 答案： C　由yet可知该动作到现在为止还没有发生。 2. (2014·平凉) She ________ for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter. A. married B. has been married C. got married D. has got married 答案：B　句意：她已经结婚十年了，现在她有一个可爱的女儿。由时间状语for ten years可知谓语动词必须是延续性的。get married不能延续；be married是延续的。 3. Though he ________ the book three times, he hopes to read it again. A. read B. reads C. has read D. would read 答案：C　根据后面的three times“三次”，可知是“他把这本书读了三遍”，所以要用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响。故选C。 4. — Is Tom at home? — No, he ______ to town. A. has been B. has gone C. goes D. will go 答案：B　——汤姆在家吗？——不在，他已经去镇里了。表“已经去了某地方，现在不在说话者说话的地方”用have / has gone to结构。故选B。 （八）过去完成时 1. 过去完成时的用法 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可以用by，before等构成的短语，也可以用when，before等引导的时间状语从句或通过上下文表示。 I had learned 5000 words by the end of last term. 到上学期为止我已经学了五千个单词。 2. 过去完成时的肯定、否定、疑问三种形式 (1) 肯定式：主语+had+过去分词+其他。 When I reached the train station, the train had gone. 当我到火车站的时候，火车已经离开了。 (2) 否定式：主语+hadn’t+过去分词+其他。 I hadn’t learned any English before I came here. 我来这儿之前没学过英语。 (3) 疑问式: Had+主语+过去分词+其他。 Had they learned English before they came here? 在来这里之前他们学过英语吗？ 【语法精练】 — We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didn’t you come? — Because I ________ that movie twice. A. have watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would watch 答案：B　根据上下文可知：我昨晚不去看电影，是因为我以前看过了。叙述的是“过去的过去”发生的事，故用过去完成时态。故选B。 （九）现在完成进行时 1. 概念以及句式结构 (1) 概念：表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能还会持续下去。 I have been learning English since six years ago. 自从