Inheritance Patterns and Human Genetics - Welc.PPTVIP

* * After the “rediscovery” of Mendel’s pea plants research – Morgan studied fruit flies in the early 1900’s This karyotype is of a female (XX) * * The X chromosome contains over 800 genes. The Y chromosome contains less than 50 genes (as of 2010). * * Studying sex-linked traits allowed a better understanding of where genes are located on chromosomes * * * Either mutation may affect “control genes” that cause changes to many other genes * * * * * * * * * * * * Inheritance Principlesand Human Genetics BioH - Chapter 11 Genetics Vocabulary Review Genes – units of information about heritable traits Homologous chromosomes – similar chromosomes received from male and female that line up next to each during MetaphaseI in meiosis Alleles – different forms of a gene Locus – location on a chromosome where specific genes are found Linkage – when genes on a chromosome “stay together” even during crossing-over Genetic recombination – the “recombining” of genes as a result of crossing-over Chromosomes Thomas Hunt Morgan Studied fruit flies Found X and Y chromosomes Karyotypes Karyotyping is a process that allows chromosomes to be presented in an orderly, easily compared manner Sex chromosomes (X, Y) Contain genes that determine the sex (gender) of an individual Autosomes Not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual Different organisms, different number X Y Sex determination Sperm has equal chance of receiving X or Y Egg only receives X XX – female XY - male Totally RANDOM process Sex-determination Region Y (SRY) Found in mammalian Y chromosome Gene codes protein to cause gonads to develop testes Gene location Sex-linked Traits coded for by an allele on a sex chromosome Could be on X or Y chromosome More X-linked genes because X is much larger If male carries a recessive allele on the X chromosome, it will exhibit the trait Ex. Hemophilia (blood disorder) Linked genes Traits that are inherited together Makes a linkage group This happens because