第10章图像特征提取与分析(免费阅读).pptVIP

* * 英文 After an image has been segmented into regions by methods such as those discussed in Chapter 9,the next step usually is to represent and describe the aggregate of segmented, ”raw” pixels in a form suitable for further computer processing. Representing a region involves two basic choices: (1)We can represent the region in terms of its external characteristics (its boundary), or (2)we can represent it in terms of its internal characteristics (the pixels comprising the region). Choosing a representation scheme, however, is only part of the task of making the data useful to a computer. The next task is to describe the region based on the chosen representation. For example, a region may be represented by its boundary, and the boundary may be described by features such as its length and the number of concavities it contains. An external representation is selected when interest is on shape characteristics. An internal representation is selected when the principal focus is on regional properties, such as color and texture. Both types of representations sometimes are used in the same application to solve a problem. In either case, the features selected as descriptors should be as insensitive as possible to variations in region size, translation, and rotation. For the most part, the descriptors discussed in this chapter satisfy one or more of these properties. * * ＥＮＤ 参考资料： 1.《数字图像处理与分析》，龚声蓉等编著，清华大学出版社 2.《MATLAB7.0图像处理》，贺兴华等编著，人民邮电出版社 3.数字图像处理第二版中文版（冈萨雷斯） 4. Digital Image Processing Using Matlab (Gonzalez) 5. MATLAB6.5辅助图像处理 6. 图像处理和分析教程--章毓晋,人民邮电出版社 拓扑（Topology）是将各种物体的位置表示成抽象位置。在网络中，拓扑形象地描述了网络的安排和配置，包括各种结点和结点的相互关系。拓扑不关心事物的细节也不在乎什么相互的比例关系，只将讨论范围内的事物之间的相互关系表示出来，将这些事物之间的关系通过图表示出来。网络中的计算机等设备要实现互联，就需要以一定的结构方式进行连接，这种连接方式就叫做拓扑结构，通俗地讲这些网络设备如何连接在一起的。 拓扑学是几何学的一个分支，但是这种几何学又和通常的平面几何、立体几何不同。通常的平面几何或立体几何研究的对象是点、线、面之间的位置关系以及它们的度量性质。拓扑学对于研究对象的长短、大小、面积、体积等度量性质和数量关系都无关。 举例来说，在通常的平面几何里，把平面上的一个图形搬到另一个图形上，如果完全重合，那么这两个图形叫做全等形。但是，在拓扑学里所研究的图形，在运动中无论它的大小或者形状都发生变化。在拓扑学里没有不能弯曲的元素，每一个图