专业英语复习题.docVIP

Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs 。 We also know that the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210× 10?-19Cwhile a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron 、A unique feature of electric charge or electricity is the fact that it is mobile; that is, it can be transferred from one place to another, where it can be converted to another form of energy. Although we now know that current in metallic conductors is due to negatively charged electrons, we will follow the universally accepted convention that current is the net flow of positive charges. The way we define current as i in Eq. (1-l) suggests that current need not be a constant-valued function, charge can vary with time in several ways that may be represented by different kinds of mathematical functions. The voltage uab between two points a and b in an electric circuit is the energy (or work) needed to move a unit charge from a to b。 The power absorbed or supplied by an element is the product of the voltage across the element and the current through it. An ideal independent source is an active element that provides a specified voltage or current that is completely independent of other circuit variables. The symbol for a voltage source having u volts across its terminals is shown in Fig.1-4(a). Another symbol that is often used for a constant voltage source, such as a battery with U volts across its terminals, is shown in Fig.1-4(b). We might observe at this point that the polarity marks on Fig.1-4(b) are redundant since the polarity could be defined by the positions of the longer and shorter lines. Thus if u is the voltage across the source and its current i is directed out of the positive terminal, then the source is delivering power, given by p = ui, to the external circuit. Since the control of the dependent source is achieved by a voltage or current of some other element in the cir