第18章 多相流模拟介绍（英文）.docVIP

18. 多相流模拟介绍 自然界和工程问题中会遇到大量的多相流动。物质一般具有气态、液态和固态三相，但是多相流系统中相的概念具有更为广泛的意义。在多项流动中，所谓的“相”可以定义为具有相同类别的物质，该类物质在所处的流动中具有特定的惯性响应并与流场相互作用。比如说，相同材料的固体物质颗粒如果具有不同尺寸，就可以把它们看成不同的相，因为相同尺寸粒子的集合对流场有相似的动力学响应。本章大致介绍一下Fluent中的多相流建模。第19章和第20章将会详细介绍本章所提到的内容。第20章会介绍一下融化和固化方面的内容 18.1 多相流动区域 18.2 多相系统的例子 18.3 多相建模方法 18.4 多相流模型的选择 18.1 多相流动区域 我们可以根据下面的原则对多相流分成四类： 气-液或者液液流动： 气泡流动：连续流体中的气泡或者液泡。 液滴流动：连续气体中的离散流体液滴。 slug flow: large bubbles in a continuous fluid 分层自由面流动：由明显的分界面隔开的非混合流体流动。 气-固流动： 充满粒子的流动：连续气体流动中有离散的固体粒子。 气动输运：流动模式依赖诸如固体载荷、雷诺数和粒子属性等因素。最典型的模式有沙子的流动，slug flow, packed beds, and homogeneous flow. 流化床：consist of a vertical cylinder containing particles where gas is introduced through a distributor. The gas rising through the bed suspends the particles. Depending on the gas flow rate, bubbles appear and rise through the bed, intensifying the mixing within the bed. liquid-solid flows slurry flow: transport of particles in liquids. The fundamental behavior of liquid-solid flows varies with the properties of the solid particles relative to those of the liquid. In slurry flows, the Stokes number (see Equation? 18.4-4) is normally less than 1. When the Stokes number is larger than 1, the characteristic of the flow is liquid-solid fluidization. hydrotransport: densely-distributed solid particles in a continuous liquid sedimentation: a tall column initially containing a uniform dispersed mixture of particles. At the bottom, the particles will slow down and form a sludge layer. At the top, a clear interface will appear, and in the middle a constant settling zone will exist. three-phase flows (combinations of the others listed above) Each of these flow regimes is illustrated in Figure? 18.1.1. Figure 18.1.1: Multiphase Flow Regimes 18.2 Examples of Multiphase Systems Specific examples of each regime described in Section? 18.1 are listed below: Bubbly flow examples: absorbers, aeration, air lift pumps, cavitation, evaporators, flotation, scrubbers Droplet flow examples: absorbers, ato