八年级英语 被动语态 外研社.docVIP

八年级英语 被动语态 外研社 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 被动语态 二. 重难点讲解 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：Children love these songs. 孩子们喜欢这些歌曲。 Jane looks after the cat. 简照看这只猫。（主动语态－主语是动作的执行者） 被动语态：These songs are loved by children. 这些歌曲受到孩子们的喜爱。 The cat is looked after by Jane. 这只猫由简照看。（被动语态－主语是动作的承受者） 1. 构成：主语（动作接受者）+ be + 及物动词的过去分词+（by + 动作执行者） 2. 被动语态的用法: （1）不知道动作的执行者是谁。The watch is made in China. （2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。More trees must be planted every year. （3）需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. （4）动作的发出者不是人时 Many houses were washed away in the flood. 3. 句型： 肯定句：主语+ be +过去分词+（by+ 动作执行者） 否定句：主语+ be not +过去分词+（by+ 动作执行者） 一般疑问句：Be +主语+过去分词+（by+ 动作执行者） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be +主语+过去分词+（by+ 动作执行者） 例如：主动语态：We clean the classroom. 被动语态：The classroom is cleaned by us. 否定句：The classroom is not cleaned by us. 一般疑问句：Is the classroom cleaned by us? 回答：Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t. 4. 在不同时态中的用法：（以动词do为例） 时态 肯定形式 否定形式 疑问形式 一般现在时 S + am / is / are + done S + am / is/ are + not + done Am / Is/ Are + S + done? 一般过去时 S + was/ were + done S + was/ were + not + done Was/ Were + S + done? 一般将来时 S + will be + done S + am/ is/ are going to be done S + will not be + done S + am/ is/ are not going to be done Will + S + be + done? Am/ Is/ Are + S + going to be done? 现在完成时 S + has/have been + done S + has/have not been + done Has/Have + S + been + done? 情态动词 S + can/could/must +be +done S + can/could/must not +be +done Can/Could/Must + S + +be +done? 总结：被动语态的不同时态都是通过助动词be的变化来表现 5. 主动语态改被动语态的方法 （1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面： ① 将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语； ② 将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构； ③ 将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 （2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况： ① 把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；He gave the boy an apple . →The boy was given an apple. Her father bought her a present. → She was bought a present by her father. ② 把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如： He gave the boy an apple. → An apple was given to the boy. Her father bought her a present. → A present was bought