八年级英语暑假专题 已经学过的时态（二） 外研版 知识精讲.docVIP

八年级英语暑假专题 已经学过的时态（二） 外研版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 复习七年级和八年级已经学过的时态（二） 现在完成时、过去进行时 二. 重难点讲解： 1. 现在完成时用法 （一）用过去发生的动作表示现在的状态。 常见时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, before, just, for…times, e.g. I have had lunch. （I’m not hungry now.） （二）过去开始的动作或状态持续到现在。 常见时间状语： for+时间段, since+时间点/从句, so far, by now e.g. They have been here since 1997. 注1：在现在完成时第二种用法中所用动词必须是可延续性动词，不可延续性动词要转换成可延续性动词。如： buy—have come—be here go—be away join—be a member of borrow—keep open—be open fall ill—be ill die—be dead become—be begin—be on 例：① I have borrowed the book for a week. I have kept the book for a week. It’s already a week since I borrowed the book. ② Mr Wang has arrived in the city for a week. Mr Wang has been/stayed in the city for a week. It’s already a week since Mr Wang arrived in the city. ③ The factory has been opened for two years. The factory has been open for two years. It’s two years since the factory opened. 注2：have gone to 去了还没回来 He is not here. He has gone to Beijing. have been to 去过已经回来 He has been to Beijing several times. have been in 呆在某地 He has been in Beijing for 3 years. 2. 一般过去时与现在完成时区别 ● 一般过去时只能表示过去的动作和状态，和现在的状况没有关系，常见时间状语是：…ago, yesterday, last year, just now, in 2000等表示过去具体时间的状语。 ● 现在完成时表示用过去的动作说明现在的状态，常见时间状语有：yet, already, ever, never, just, for+时间段，since+时间点 试比较一下两句 （1）I lost my pen yesterday. （But I found it later. ） （2）I have lost my pen. （I can’t find it, so I have no pen now.） 3. 过去进行时用法：表示在过去某一具体时刻或一段时间内正在发生的动作 e.g. They were playing tennis at five yesterday afternoon. 过去进行时中常见时间状语： （1）at this time yesterday （2）these days （3）at 6:00 last night （4）when 引导的时间状语从句 4. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 ● 一般过去时表示已做完的动作，过去进行时表示未完成、正在进行的动作。 I was reading a novel yesterday.（未读完） I read a novel yesterday.（已读完） ● 持续发生的动作用过去进行时，中间插入发生的动作用一般过去时 （1）I broke a glass while I was cooking dinner.（while：当……时） （2）Father was running downstairs when he fell down.（when：就在那时） 【典型例题】 过去进行时 1. I __________ a letter at nine last night. A. is writing B.