2基因的结构与功能方案.ppt

位于染色体上呈直线排列的遗传单位，是编码有功能的蛋白质多肽链或RNA所必需的全部核苷酸序列。 基因的构成： （1）编码蛋白质或RNA的基因 (结构基因，functional gene) （2）具有调节功能的片段或序列，提供转录、复制、重组起始信号（调节基因,control gene）。 一个基因应包括：编码蛋白质肽链或RNA的核酸序列、转录所必须的调控序列、编码区上游5’端非编码序列、内含子、编码区下游3’端非编码序列 2.4 真核基因的特点 From Gene to Protein 2.5 Gene families Some genes are organized into groups or clusters, which are called operons and multigene families. Operons are gene clusters found in bacteria. In an operon, genes are regulated in a coordinated way and encode proteins with closely related functions. e.g. Lac operon . In higher organisms, clustered genes exist as multigene families.