免疫immunization概念.pptVIP

Immunization免疫 By Group 7 Members:Mengmeng Zhu Hua Ding Heng Zhou Dongmei Shao Yudong Shao Brief History of Immunization Chinese noticed children who recovered from smallpox did not contract the disease again They infected children with material from a smallpox scab to induce immunity This process known as variolation Variolation spread to England and America but was stopped because of risk of death Way to get immunised Types of immune cells Cells of adaptive immune system Antigen specific lymphocytes (T，B cells) Antigen presenting cells抗原提呈细胞 Cells of innate immune system Mononuclear phagocytes 单核-巨噬细胞 Granulocytic cells 粒细胞 Mast cells 肥大细胞 Natural killer cells 自然杀伤细胞 Platelets 血小板 Fases of new vaccines development – laboratory, preclinical Field, clinical study Future of vaccine Antiidiotype vaccines, DNA vaccines, One, not hurting, for everybody, immunogenic, not harming, protecting against all diseases, only one disadvantage = not real Multivalent vaccines – more immunogenic THANK YOU! * Where the immune system is. Yellow, primary lymphoid organs初级淋巴器官 Blue, secondary lymphoid organs次级淋巴器官. Prirodzene získaná Prirodzene získaná actively disease vaccination passively transplacentarly immunisation immunotherapy immune sera Naturally Artificially Immunity Specific defenses Immunity Passive immunity 被动免疫 Active immunity 主动免疫 Following clinical infection Following subclinical infection Following vaccination Following administration of Immunoglobulin or antiserum Transfer of maternal Antibodies Through milk Transfer of maternal Antibodies Through placenta natural acquired Immunizing agents免疫剂 Immunizing agents antisera抗血清 immunoglobulins 免疫球蛋白 vaccines疫苗 Vaccination接种 Vaccination is a method of giving antigen抗原 to stimulate刺激 the immune response through active immunization. A vaccine疫苗 is an immuno-biological substance免疫生物物质 designed to produce specific protection against a