Some Processing Basics for Seismic Interpretation-地震解释的一些处理基础.ppt

Basic definitions 基本定义 Some processing basics 一些处理基础 Seismic processing artifacts 地震处理假象 Summary 结语 Goals objectives of seismic processing 地震处理的战略目标与战术目标 Spectral: Amplitude phase issues 谱域：振幅和相位问题 Temporal: Analytical signal 时域：解析信号 Resolution fidelity 分辨率与保真度 To meet scientific business needs with quality seismic imageries attributes in a timely manner. 为满足科学与商业需求及时提供高质量地震图片和属性成果。 To transfer raw seismic data into credible interpretable forms. 将原始地震资料转换为可信、可解释之形式。 Signal recognition 信号辩别 Noise suppression 噪音压制 Velocity model building 波速建模 Interface imaging界面成像 (Seismic imaging地震偏移) Interpretation-guided processing 以解释为指导的处理 Amplitude phase spectra of a data trace Amplitude phase spectra of a data trace The phase of a monochromatic wave depends on where is time zero. Zero phase minimum phase maximum phase The phase of a wavelet depends on its shape. Amplitude in stratigraphic exploration (e.g., AVO) Amplitude attenuation in nature Amplitude alteration in data processing Amplitude in stratigraphic exploration (e.g., AVO) Amplitude in stratigraphic exploration (e.g., AVO) Amplitude attenuation in nature Amplitude in stratigraphic exploration (e.g., AVO) Amplitude attenuation in nature Amplitude in stratigraphic exploration (e.g., AVO) Amplitude attenuation in nature Amplitude alteration in data processing Most seismic attributes are given in time domain and require the use of analytical signal Complex trace, or analytical signal of x(t): in time x(t) = x(t) - i H[ x(t) ] in frequency X(w) = X(w) [1 + sgn(w)] Hilbert transform H[ x(t) ] = x(t) * (-1/pt) Instantaneous properties Envelop of x(t): e(t) = | x(t) | Instantaneous phase of x(t): f(t) = atan [ Im x(t) / x(t)] Horizontal resolution Vertical resolution Fidelity Preservation of resolution Preservation of fidelity The horizontal resolution of unmigrated seismic data is given b