2015省词专题.pptVIP

Unit 6【译论专题】省略技巧在英译汉中的应用 What is Omission? 一、从语法角度分析 （一）省代词 1．省略作主语的人称代词 为使指代关系明确，一般每个句子都有主语和谓语，或有时要有宾语，这是英语句法所要求的，而汉语的表达习惯往往在指代关系明确的情况下，几个谓语借用上下文提到的一个共同的主语，不必一个一个地重复。因此，做主语的人称代词汉译时往往省略，作宾语的人称代词也是如此。 1)As I lay awake, I realized that I was in trouble. 我醒来，躺在地上，明白自己的处境不妙。 2） I am 78 years old; I have been confined to my room with a paralytic stroke for the past 14 months. 我78岁了；由于患了瘫痪性中风，14个月来一直出不了门。 Like his friend he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice. 他像他的朋友一样，虽然头脑里有很多美妙的想法，却只有少数付之实践。 We can measure the water in a pot, but we can’t measure its heat. We haven’t an instrument for that. 我们能测量罐内的水量，但不能测量水的热度，我们还没有这种仪器。 They had ground him beneath their heel, they had taken the best of him, they had murdered his father, they had broken and wrecked his wife, they had crushed his whole family. 他们把他踩在脚下，压得粉碎，他们榨干了他的精髓，害死了他的父亲，摧残了他的妻子，毁灭了他的全家。 有时候，当泛指的英语人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语，译文中往往也可以省略。例如： He who has never reached the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。 You can never tell. 很难说。 Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in the city. 这座城市处处可见到新人新事。 One can never get real rest without a peaceful mind. 如果心情不平静，是休息不好的。 2．省略作宾语的人称代词 英语中有些作宾语的代词，不管前面是否提到过，翻译时往往都可以省略。例如： I’ve received your letter and read it with delight. 我收到了你的来信，愉快地读了。 If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words. 如果你已读过这些故事，用你自己的话讲出来。 You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again. 请你原谅，我以后不再提这件事了。 In fact he showed quite clearly that the Copernican ideas were correct. But he did not say openly that he accepted them. 事实上，他相当清楚地表明，哥白尼的学说是正确的；只是他没有公开宣布接受。 3．省略物主代词 英语中的物主代词，汉译时往往可以省略，例如 I wash my hands before having my lunch, 汉语只需说“我吃午餐前洗手”，而不必说“我吃我的午餐前洗我的手”。 In my childhood I learned a great deal about Russia. 在儿童时代，我就听到许多关于俄国的事情。 He sat, cursing himself, till his tea was stewed. 他坐着咒骂自己，直到把茶煮浓了。 Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short, showing a glint of teeth,