26无主句的翻译.ppt

Translation of Subjectless Chinese Sentences 无主句的翻译 汉语无主句特点 只有谓语部分而没有主语部分 能表达完整明确的意思 很难确定主语 隐含主语 翻译思路 构建整体框架 确定主语 确定各个成分 翻译方法 汉语祈使句译成英语祈使句 采用英语的被动结构译出 采用倒装语序译出 采用 “There be”结构译出 用 “it” 充当主语 添加适当的代词或名词充当主语 1.汉语祈使句译成英语祈使句 请讲慢一点。 Please speak a little slower. 看菜吃饭，量体裁衣。 Fit the appetite to the dishes and the dress/clothes to the figure. 不要去等待“合适的时间”，现在就行动！ Don’t wait for the “right time”. Move now! 别费心机去洞察女孩的心思， 因为她们总在变。 Don’t bother to penetrate girls’ minds as they are always changing. 小心轻放！ Handle with care! 不自由，毋宁死。 Give me liberty or give me death. 想吃什么，只管告诉我。 Whatever you like to eat, just tell me. 一有问题就去解决，不要等问题成堆了才去作一次总解决。 Whenever a problem crops up, tackle it right away; don’t let problems pile up and then try to settle them all at one go. 宁为鸡首，不为牛后。 Better be a bird’s beak than a cow’s rump. Better be a dog’s head than a lion’s tail. Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. Better reign in hell than serve in heaven. 2.采用英语的被动结构译出 墙上挂了一些画。 Some pictures were hung on the wall. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me? 给了他两天时间来作必要的准备。 He was allowed two days to make the necessary preparations. 找不到任何迹象表明这两者之间存在着关系。 No indications are found of the existence of relationships between the two (things). 认识落后，才能去改变落后；学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。 Backwardness must be perceived before it can be conquered. 地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌。 Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc. 没有安定的政治环境，干什么都不成。 Nothing can be accomplished / achieved without a stable political environment. 对这一问题实际上还没有进行过科学实验。 Practically no scientific experiments have yet been done on this (matter). 希望今后上海能与更多外国城市结为友好城市。 It is hoped that Shanghai will establish friendly relationships with more foreign cities in future. 3.采用倒装语序译出 随着一声吼叫，呼地从树林里窜出一只老虎来。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 山里住着个老和尚。 In the mountain lived an old monk. 4.采用 “There be”结构译出 没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也