化工原理课程设计列管式到换热器设计.docxVIP

课程设计任务书设计一个列管式冷却器，冷却器的年处理能力为19.8×104t。将煤油液体从140℃冷却到40℃。冷却水的入口温度为30℃，出口温度为40℃。要求设计的换热器的管程和壳程的压降不大于100kPa。设计要求（1）换热器工艺设计计算（2）换热器工艺流程图（3）换热器设备结构图（4）设计说明目录一、前言································································3方案设计································································5确定设计方案·····························································5确定物性数据·····························································5计算总传热系数···························································6计算传热面积·····························································6工艺结构尺寸·····························································6换热器核算·······························································8设计结果一览表··························································11对设计的评述····························································12参考文献································································12主要符号说明····························································13一、方案简介本设计任务是利用冷流体（水）给煤油降温。利用热传递过程中对流传热原则，制成换热器，以供生产需要。下图（图1）是工业生产中用到的列管式换热器.选择换热器时,要遵循经济,传热效果优,方便清洗,复合实际需要等原则。换热器分为几大类：夹套式换热器，沉浸式蛇管换热器，喷淋式换热器，套管式换热器，螺旋板式换热器，板翅式换热器，热管式换热器，列管式换热器等。不同的换热器适用于不同的场合。而列管式换热器在生产中被广泛利用。它的结构简单、坚固、制造较容易、处理能力大、适应性大、操作弹性较大。尤其在高压、高温和大型装置中使用更为普遍。所以首选列管式换热器作为设计基础。二、方案设计某厂在生产过程中，需将煤油液体从140℃冷却到40℃。冷却器的年处理能力为19.8×104 t。冷却水入口温度30℃，出口温度40℃。要求换热器的管程和壳程的压降不大于100kPa。试设计能完成上述任务的列管式换热器。1．确定设计方案（1）选择换热器的类型两流体温度变化情况：热流体进口温度140℃，出口温度40℃冷流体。冷流体进口温度30℃，出口温度40℃。该换热器用循环水冷却，冬季操作时进口温度会降低，考虑到这一因素，估计该换热器的管壁温和流体壁温之差较大，因此初步确定选用带膨胀节的固定管板式换热器。（2）流动空间及流速的确定由于循环冷却水较易结垢，为便于水垢清洗，应使循环水走管程，煤油走壳程。另外，这样的选择可以使煤油通过壳体壁面向空气中散热，提高冷却效果。同时，在此选择逆流。选用ф25×2.5mm的碳钢管，管内流速取ui=1.2m/ｓ。2、确定物性数据定性温度：可取流体进口温度的平均值。壳程煤油的定性温度为：管程流体的定性温度为：根据定性温度，分别查取壳程和管程流体的有关物性数据。煤油在110℃下的有关物性数据如下：密度　　ρo=825 kg/m3定压比热容　cpo=2.22kJ/(kg·℃)导热系数　　λo=0.14 W/(m·℃)粘度　　μo=0.000715Pa·s冷却水在35℃下的物性数据：密度　　ρi=994kg/m3定压比热容　 cpi=4.08kJ/(kg·℃)导热系数　　λi=0.626 W/(m·℃)粘度　μi=0.000725 Pa·s3．计算总传热系数（1）热流量L=Qo=LcpΔt=2.22(140-40)=6.11KJ/h=1697.2Kw(2) 冷却水用量 qm2==149755Kg/h（3）平均传热温差（4）总传热系数假