(高中物理第二章恒定电流本章优化总结.pptVIP

栏目导引 章末过关检测 专题归 纳整合 知识体 系构建 第二章　恒定电流 本章优化总结 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 知识体系构建 ＝ IE Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 专题归纳整合 专题一　直流电路的分析与计算 1．弄清各电路元件的串、并联关系，把电路简化 在分析时因理想电流表内阻忽略不计，可用一根无电阻导线取代；理想电压表内阻无限大，可认为理想电压表的支路断路．电容器在恒定电流电路中只有在电路接通、断开瞬间才有充、放电电流．当电路稳定后相当于阻值无限大，可认为这部分电路断路． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2013·福建师大附中高二检测)在如图所示的电路中，当滑动变阻器的滑动片向下移动时，关于电灯L的亮度及电容器C所带电荷量Q的变化判断正确的是(　　) A．L变暗，Q增大　　　　 B．L变暗，Q减小 C．L变亮，Q增大 D．L变亮，Q减小 【解析】　滑动变阻器滑片向下移动时,R2变小，R总变小，I总变大，UL变小，L变暗，因UR1增大，故UC＝UR2变小，再由Q＝CUC可知Q减小，故只有B正确． 【答案】　B 例1 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 如图所示电路中，电阻R1＝9 Ω，R2＝15 Ω，电源电动势E＝12 V，内阻r＝1 Ω.求： (1)当电流表示数为0.4 A时，变阻箱R3的阻值多大？ (2)当R3阻值多大时，它消耗的电功率最大？ (3)当R3阻值多大时，电源的输出功率最大？ 例2 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【答案】　(1)30 Ω　(2)6 Ω　(3)0 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 特别提醒：(1)若题中未给电压表，可用一定值电阻与已知内阻的电流表串联代替电压表，间接测出电压值． (2)若题中所给电流表量程太小，可考虑电流表与定值电阻并联扩程问题．