高电压技术作者吴广宁第三章3.1课件.pptVIP

3.1 液体电介质的极化与损耗 3.1 Polarization and loss of liquid dielectrics 3.1.1 液体电介质的极化 3.1.1 Polarization of liquid dielectrics 3.1.2 液体电介质的损耗 3.1.2 Loss of liquid dielectrics 本节内容 Contents in this section 3.1.1 液体电介质的极化 3.1.1 Polarization of liquid dielectrics 液体电介质的介电常数： The dielectric constant of liquid dielectrics: 要由电介质的微观参数（N、?）求得介电常数 ，必须先求得电介质的有效电场 。一般液体电介质的有效电场强度和宏观平均电场强度是不相等的。 To obtain dielectric constant from the dielectric micro-parameters (N,?), you must first get the dielectric field intensity . Generally, liquid dielectric strength of the effective electric field and macro-average electric field is not equal. 电介质中某一点的宏观电场强度，是指极板上的自由电荷以及电介质中所有极化分子形成的偶极矩，共同在该点产生的场强。 The macro-field strength of a point in the dielectric is defined as the field strength co-generated here by the free-electrons as well as all the dipole moments of the dielectric polarization molecules in the plate . 这样，电介质中任一点电场强度，便等于极板上自由电荷面密度在该点产生的场强σ/ 与束缚电荷面密度σ′/ 在该点产生的场强-σ′/ 之和，即 Thus, the dielectric field strength of any point in the dielectric equals to the field strength σ/ generated by the free-charges surface density of the plate plus the field strength -σ/ generated by the bound-charges surface density σ / , that is, 由于偶极矩间的库仑作用力是长程的，有效电场强度的计算很复杂。洛伦兹（Lorentz）首先对有效电场作了近似计算。 The calculation of effective field strength is complicated because the coulomb force between dipole moments is long distance. Lorentz has presented an approximative calculation method. 下面对液体电介质的有效电场强度和介电常数作一些分析。 The followings are some analysis of effective field strength and dielectric permittivity. 非极性液体和弱极性液体电介质极化中起主要作用的是电子位移极化，其极化率为αe，介电常数与折射率n仍近似保持麦克斯韦关系，即 Nonpolar and slight-polar liquid dielectric mainly depend on the function of electron displacement polarization with the polarizability of αe, dielectric permittivity and refractive index n still comply with the