Thebrainstem探究.ppt

The brain stem 脑干  山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华 学习方法 看外形，想内部，内外结合。 看断面，想立体，上下串联。 记重点，莫贪多，整理表格。 The brain stem 脑干 Consists of Midbrain 中脑 Pons 脑桥 Medulla oblongata 延髓 The brain stem 脑干 Position The brain stem occupies the posterior cranial fossa of the skull Gross Appearance of the Brain Stem Ventral Surface of the Brain Stem Medulla oblongata Pyramid 锥体: Composed of bundles of nerve fiber, pyramidal tract 锥体束 Decussation of pyramid 锥体交叉: Formed by crossing fibers of pyramidal tract Olive 橄榄: Produced by underlying inferior olivary nucleus 下橄榄核 Anterolateral sulcus 前外侧沟: Emerge the roots of hypoglossal nerve Retroolivary sulcus 橄榄后沟: Emerge the roots of glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves Ventral Surface of the Brain Stem Pons Basilar part 基底部 Basilar sulcus 基底沟 Bulbopontine sulcus 延髓脑桥沟: There emerge, from medial to lateral, the abducent, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves Middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚 Trigeminal nerve 三叉神经 Emerges from the junction of basilar part and middle cerebellar peduncles Pontocerebellar trigone 脑桥小脑三角: The junction of medulla, pons and cerebellum Ventral Surface of the Brain Stem Midbrain Crus cerebri 大脑脚底 Interpeduncular fossa 脚间窝 Oculomotor nerve emerges on the medial side crus cerebri Posterior perforated substance 后穿质 Dorsal Surface of the Brain Stem  Medulla oblongata Lower portion Gracile tubercle 薄束结节: produced by underlying gracile nucleus 薄束核 Cuneate tubercle 楔束结节: produced by underlying cuneate nucleus 楔束核 Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚 Obex 闩 Upper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa Dorsal Surface of the Brain Stem Pons Superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚 Superior medullary velum 上髓帆 Trochlear nerve 滑车神经 Dorsal Surface of the Brain Stem Midbrain Superior colliculus 上丘 Constitute centers for visual reflexes Inferior colliculus 下