过去完成时-方案.ppt

过去完成时Past perfect tense 定义：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）” 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 示意图： |-------------------------------|---------------------------- 那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　 一、句型结构： eg:She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 今天早晨十点之前，她就已经完成了这篇作文。 注：过去完成时的事件是在过去之前就已经完成 主语 助动词 过去分词 基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他. eg:We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他. eg:He had not finished the work before 8 oclock last night. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他? eg: Had they seen the film when he arrived last night. 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他? eg:Where had he been when I returned home? 截止上周为止，他们已经完成了哪些任务？ 二、过去完成时的判断依据： 1.由时间状语来判断： 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点 eg: I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点 eg: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点 eg: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定: 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系： 动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时 这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 eg:She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时 eg:When I got to the station, the train had already left. eg:After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。 eg:Where did you study before you came here? eg:After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本…，未能… eg:We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 eg: I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each oth