02-供需理论答辩.ppt

* By the time all elements have appeared on the screen, the slide will look kind of busy. I think this is okay, because the elements appear on the screen one by one, so students have time to absorb each one before the next one appears. However, if you’d rather strip the slide down a bit, here’s a suggestion: in “Normal” view (which one uses to edit slides), you can delete the boxes that represent the initial and new values of drug-related crime, and the accompanying captions. Then, when presenting this slide in class, simply point out (with your mouse cursor, a laser pointer, or even your arms and hands) the areas that represent the initial and new values of drug-related crime. * RE: the last bullet “price controls often hurt the poor more than help them.” We have seen that the minimum wage can cause job losses, and rent control can reduce the quantity and quality of affordable housing. Both policies make the poor worse off. It might be worth reminding students that our analysis has been in the context of a world without market failures. Subsequent chapters (except in the macro split) will introduce situations in which government intervention can improve on the private market outcome. However, even in such cases, the appropriate policy is usually something other than a direct price control. * The slides in this section have been revised from the previous edition. They now better explain why a tax on buyers shifts D down by the amount of the tax, and why a tax on sellers shifts S up by the amount of the tax. * NOTE: On this and subsequent slides, “PB” denotes the price buyers pay and “PS” denotes the price sellers receive. (The Chapter 8 PowerPoint uses the same notation for the welfare analysis of taxes.) The government makes buyers pay a $1.50 on each pizza they purchase. The new demand curve (in red, labeled D2) reflects buyers’ demand as a function of the after-tax price. The original demand curve (D1) still reflects buyers’ demand as