《原型范畴理论.ppt

5.2 范畴边界 Classical category theory: fixed and rigid Prototypical category theory: fuzzy, vague e.g. COLOR : red , orange, yellow …… 5.4 特征的先天性VS属性的后天习得 Classical category theory：人的心智结构和认知能力是天赋的，这种结构和能力天生就存在于人的大脑中，人类所有的语言和认知能力就存在于人类的普遍认知中。范畴具有抽象性，将人类与生俱来的知识能力概括抽象出来。 Prototype theory: 承认人的认知能力的先天性，同时认为其更多的是基于后天的经验。语言并非自制，它受人类一般认知能力的制约，因此不同民族才会存在较大的差异。 e.g. BIRD England: robin Chinese：麻雀 经典范畴理论与原型范畴理论的比较 5.1 判定成员：特征 VS. 属性 5.2 范畴边界闭合性 VS. 开放性 5.3 范畴内所有成员地位相等 VS.不相等 5.4 特征的先天性VS后天习得 Part 5 Classical Theory VS Prototpe Theory 32 of 44 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 经典范畴理论认为特征是事物的客观标志、固有本质，同一范畴的全部成员具有共享的特征（shared features/ properties）, 它们就区分出了范畴，也就是说范畴是由客观的共享特征界定的。 e.g. Odd number:1,3,5,7,9…… All the members of this category share the same features that they are not divisible by 2. 5.1 判定成员：特征 VS. 属性 Classical Theory VS Prototype Theory 33 of 44 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 原型范畴理论认为范畴不是建立在共享特征之上的，没有一组特征能够准确界定范畴中的成员，范畴是建立在纵横交错的相似性网络之上，建立在属性之上。主张用属性代替特征，以示区别。属性是事体特征在人们心理上的体现，是认知与事物互相作用的结果。 e.g. CAR Classical Theory VS Prototype Theory 34 of 44 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Classical Theory VS Prototype Theory 35 of 44 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Classical category theory：all the members of a category share the same set of features or properties. So, the members are equal to each other. Prototype theory: the members of a category are correlated by family resemblance. Some are closer to the central member, and they share more similarities with the category’s attributes. 5.3 范畴内所有成员地位相等 VS.不相等 Classical Theory VS Prototype Theory 36 of 44 Evaluation only. Created wit