chapter 1 cultures and values.ppt

* * * Chapter 1 Understanding cultures and values 1.我没文化，不识字。 2.我文化水平不高，欣赏不了这幅画。 Chinese culture Egyptian culture Greek culture Music opera ballet art Discussion: list the things which are culture in your mind. Parthenon 帕提农神庙 Sphinx 狮身人面像 Culture is like an iceberg 广义的文化，人类创造的一切物质产品和精神产品的总和。 狭义的文化，指语言、文学、艺术及一切意识形态在内的精神产品。 Samovar and Porter, “the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. ” Culture affects the behavior of the a relatively large number of people. E.g. visit and invitation (British, French) List the things (food, dress, art, dance, architecture, etc.) that can represent American culture, Chinese culture, Japanese culture Ingredients of culture Material/symbol level (superficial) Institutions/system level Value/belief and behavior level Visible invisible Artifacts Concept Behavior e.g. money ◆ culture is not innate, it is learned. ☆ We learn cultures in many ways and from various resources. (e.g. baby learning; American and Mexican ) ☆ Even some biological phenomenon are cultural. (e.g. sneezing, feeling hungry, giving birth ) ☆ Culture is learnable. We can learn more than one culture. (e.g. students learning foreign language; an American born in China) ◆ culture is transmitted from generation to generation. Spread cultures through spoken words, written words and non-verbal actions. e.g. Americans---taught by parents to look forward Chinese------taught by parents to look to the past. “以史为鉴” e.g. national flags ◆ culture is selective. The culture we select is important to our country. There are boundaries of different group. Cultural separation e.g. attitude to work (Japan, Mexican) etiquette (Thailand, Brazil ) ◆ cultu