商业银行-答案(美国版第8)-15.docVIP

CHAPTER 15 THE MANAGEMENT OF CAPITAL Goal of This Chapter: The purpose of this chapter is to discover why capital – particularly equity capital – is so important for financial institutions, to learn how managers and regulators assess the adequacy of an institution’s capital position, and to explain the ways that management can raise new capital. Key Topics in This Chapter The Many Tasks of Capital Capital and Risk Exposures Types of Capital In Use Capital as the Centerpiece of Regulation Basel I and Basel II Planning to Meet Capital Needs Chapter Outline I. Introduction: What Is Capital? II. The Many Tasks Capital Performs A. Cushion Against Risk of Failure B. Provides Funds Needed to Begin Operations C. Promotes Public Confidence D. Provides Funds for Future Growth and New Services Regulator of Growth Capital Plays a Role in Mergers Limits How Much Risk Exposure Banks and Competing Firms Can Accept Protects the Government’s Deposit Insurance System Ill. Capital and Risk A. Key Risks in Banking and Financial Institutions’ Management 1. Credit Risk 2. Liquidity Risk 3. Interest-Rate Risk 4. Operating Risk 5. Exchange Risk 6. Crime Risk B. Defenses against Risk 1. Quality Management 2. Diversification a. Portfolio b. Geographic 3. Deposit Insurance 4. Owners Capital IV. Types of Capital A. Common Stock B. Preferred Stock C. Surplus D. Undivided Profits E. Equity Reserves F. Subordinated Debentures G. Minority Interest in Consolidated Subsidiaries H. Equity Commitment Notes I. Relative Importance of the Different Sources of Capital V. One of the Great Issues in the History of Banking: How Much Capital Is Really Needed? A. Regulatory Approach to Evaluating Capital Needs 1. Reasons for Capital Regulation 2. Research Evidence VI. The Basle Agreement on International Capital Standards: An Historic Contract among Leading Nations A. Basel I 1. Tier One Capital 2. Tier Two Capital 3. Calculating Risk-Weighted Assets Under Basle I 4. Calculating the Capital-