语法第六章.docVIP

第六章 介词 一 介词的构成 介词可以由单个的单词也可以由几个词组成 一般介词后不可以直接加不定式,但but和except可以直接加不定式,而且,如果介词前面有do那么省略to. We have no choice but/except to wait. 二 常用介词及介词短语用法 1 表示位置,方向 (1)at to on onto in into 当at in 表示地点时,范围小的用at,范围大的用in,如果大地方被视为旅程上的一个站时也用at. After an hour’s drive we arrived at a small town. There are many Chinese restaurants in New York. We stopped for an hour at Tokyo on our way to New York 当on表示在平面上,in表示内部,at表示一个地点. They are sitting on the grass.他们坐在草地上 They are sitting in the grass.他们坐在草地里 They will meet at the theatre. 当into表示由外向内移动,onto向某东西表面的移动,to表示到达 He put his money into his pocket. Shall I put this vase back onto the shelf? All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马 (2)away from off out of Away from远离某处,不在某处 Off 在附近 out of 从……中出来,脱离某处 (3)above over on top of under underneath beneath below in front of before behind after. 其中above over on top of under below beneath underneath表示垂直方向的相对位置,而in front of before behind after.表示水平方向上的相对位置. 其中有三对反义词,above和below , over和under, in front of和 behind Over和under,可以指恰好垂直的关系或空间上的接近,而above和below仅仅表示高于或低于……水平.通常表示互相接触的关系 其中Underneath 和 on top of (4)across和through用法比较 Across表示在平面上的由一边向另一边的移动,而through表示立体空间的移动 Would you like me to help you across the road? I saw Hally’s Comet through my telescope. (5)up, down ,along Up和 down表示在垂直方向的移动,也可以表示水平方向 Along表示水平方向 We walked up the hill and down the other side. She walked up the road 她沿着那条路. (6)by beside with near close to opposite between among用法比较 其中opposite后面的to可以省略 其中between指两者之间的关系,而among用于三者或三者以上,但说到分配或分享时且后面是几个单数可数名词用between The house lies between two hills. The grandmother sat smiling among her four children. The money was divided equally between her husband,her son and her sister. 2 表示时间 (1)at on in 用法比较 At指时间点,主要是钟点,on指具体的某一天,in指较长的时间,如年,月,季节. 假日时节用at,但若指假日中的某一天用on. At ten o’clock At no