变质作用与大地构造环境.docVIP

变质作用与大地构造环境metamorphism and plate tectonics stable cratons : cratons are stable and relatively cold, with normal thermal gradients of ~20 K/km. In detail, this simplification is incorrect. Continental rocks usually begin life somewhat hotter than this as a result of crustal stacking and radiogenic heat generation, but then cool over time. ■离散板块边缘大洋中脊大陆裂谷汇聚板块边缘岛弧俯冲带大洋俯冲带、大陆俯冲带1.板块离散边界－大洋中脊Mid-Ocean Ridges Plate separation-induced passive upwelling decompression melting for MORB. During extension at mid-ocean ridges, convection carries heat to very shallow levels, where 7-km thick oceanic crust forms; Hydrothermal circulation produces low P/T metamorphism, often called seafloor metamorphism Ocean-floor metamorphism and representative lithologyies ●??Concept ● ??Regional metamorphism Horokanai Ophiolite ● ???Hydrothermal metamorphism： Serpentinization；Chlorization；Spilitization；Rodingitization；Epidotisation 2. 汇聚板块边界－岩浆弧Magmatic arcs Magmatic arcs are sites where heat is advected to shallow levels, producing low P/T metamorphism. The heat is chiefly provided by silicate melts derived from melting of the upper mantle. Contact metamorphism is common in such settings. Good examples of this include the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains. 岩浆弧（西太平洋型和科迪勒拉型） 岛弧岩浆作用基性－酸性火山岩，花岗岩－花岗闪长岩 低压高温变质 深熔作用 Structure of an Island Arc Figure 16-2. Schematic cross section through a typical island arc after Gill (1981), Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics. Springer-Verlag. HFU= heat flow unit (4.2 x 10-6 joules/cm2/sec) 俯冲带Subduction Zones Rapid subduction advects cold material into the mantle, producing high P/T metamorphism , sometimes called Franciscan-type or Sambagawa-type in reference to two classic examples in California and Japan. The coldness of the subduction zone depends on the age of the plate (older = colder) and the rate of subduction (faster = colder). Eclogites are the signature rocks of this process. The signature rocks of high-pressure meta