初中英语定语从句讲解4与练习学案(含答案).docVIP

初中英语定语从句讲解与练习学案 一．定语从句的理解： 用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语： a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red 如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。 I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) →I know the girl who is in red.（定语从句） 关系词常有三个作用：1引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 种类关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 () The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 () The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) () Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？　The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. 注：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. ()Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 注：that用法 (1) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 　Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 (b) 先行词有the only, the very, the last, just修饰时，只用that。 I want to buy. 这正是我想买的字典。 (c) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。. that I have ever seen. 这是我曾看过的第一部英文电影。 This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书。