Cell Structure and Function Chipola College细胞结构与功能奇泊拉学院.ppt

Cell Structure and Function Agre and cellsin the news Cells Smallest living unit Most are microscopic Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke (mid-1600s) Observed sliver of cork Saw “row of empty boxes” Coined the term cell Cell theory (1839)Theodor Schwann Matthias Schleiden “ all living things are made of cells” (50 yrs. later) Rudolf Virchow “all cells come from cells” Principles of Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms is the cell All cells arise from preexisting cells (this principle discarded the idea of spontaneous generation) Cell Size Cells Have Large Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio Characteristics of All Cells A surrounding membrane Protoplasm – cell contents in thick fluid Organelles – structures for cell function Control center with DNA Cell Types Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Cells First cell type on earth Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleus Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration Organelles not bound by membranes Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells Possess many organelles Representative Animal Cell Representative Plant Cell Organelles Cellular machinery Two general kinds Derived from membranes Bacteria-like organelles Bacteria-Like Organelles Derived from symbiotic bacteria Ancient association Endosymbiotic theory Evolution of modern cells from cells symbiotic bacteria Plasma Membrane Contains cell contents Double layer of phospholipids proteins Phospholipids Polar Hydrophylic head Hydrophobic tail Interacts with water Movement Across the Plasma Membrane A few molecules move freely Water, Carbon dioxide, Ammonia, Oxygen Carrier proteins transport some molecules Proteins embedded in lipid bilayer Fluid mosaic model – describes fluid nature of a lipid bilayer with proteins Membrane Proteins 1. Channels or transporters Move molecules in one direction 2. Receptors Recognize