Cities Without Suburbs Cornell College没有郊区的城市康乃尔学院.ppt

Cities Without Suburbs By David Rusk Outline Methodology – determining elasticity (Jodie) Consequences of elasticity or lack thereof (Robert) Ways to achieve an elastic city (Ingrid) Conclusions and recommendations (Daryan) Outline Methodology – determining elasticity Consequences of elasticity or lack thereof Ways to achieve an elastic city Conclusions and recommendations Selecting Metropolitan Areas To Study Excludes areas with fewer than 200,000 residents Excludes Mexican border towns Excludes declining mining regions Excludes white-only metro areas Excludes city-less metro areas Process For Determining Elasticity Density of cities in 1950 Amount of city expansion from 1950-1990 Example of New York City, New York and Anchorage, Alaska Levels of Elasticity Separated cities in selected metropolitan areas into five groups: Zero elasticity Low elasticity Medium elasticity High elasticity Hyper elasticity The Point of No Return Major loss of population Disproportionate minority population Residents had average income levels less than 70% of suburban income levels Demonstrates the Fourth Law of Urban Dynamics Cities Without Suburbs Surprisingly most are located in more modest income metro areas All of these cities dominate their areas These cities are making the most of the areas’ available resources City must have 50% or more of the metro population Average per capita income of city residents must be 90% or more of suburban residents Cities Without Suburbs Cities Without Suburbs The Key for Cities Without Suburbs “…these twenty-three communities are becoming societies of greater social equity and economic mobility…have a lower level of racial segregation…have greater unity among their public institutions, their residents have better access to the entire region’s resources…” (82) Outline Methodology – determining elasticity Consequences of elasticity or lack thereof Ways to achieve an elastic city Conclusions and recommendations Laws of Urban Dynamicsaccording t