Class Exercises Columbia University课堂练习哥伦比亚大学.ppt

Class Exercises MLU and Morphology ed (past) ex (out of, from) mis (negative, wrong) out (extra , beyond) over (too much) post(behind) al (pertaining) en (used to form verbs from adjectives) ism (doctrine, state) ist (one who does something) ity (used for abstract nouns) lv (used to form adverbs) ing (at present) ‘s (possession) bi (twice) semi (half) super (superior) trans (across) tri (three) un (not) under de (reversal) pre (before) pro (in favor of) re (again) able (ability) ize (action, policy) less (without) ly( used to form adverb) s (plural) ness (quality) er, or (used as agentive ending) ous ( full) y (inclined to) ance ( action, state) est (superlative) ful (full, tending) ible (likelihood) ish (belonging to) s (third person marker) Prefixes Suffixes Inflectional Derivational Calculating MLU Do’s and don’ts  Exclude from your count Imitations Elliptical answers Partial utterances Unintelligible utterances Rote passages False starts and Reformulations within utterances Noises Discourse markers Identical utterances Counting or other sequences of enumeration Single words or phrases Lund and Dunchan (1993) Count as one morpheme Uninflected lexical morphemes Contractions Concatenatives Inseparable linguistic units Irregular past tense Plurals which do not occur in singular form Gerunds and participles that are not part of the verb phrase Inflectional forms Contractions You need at least 50 utterances to calculate MLU 100 is recommended Calculating MLU After you have counted all the morphemes, you are ready to calculate the MLU. The traditional method of calculating MLU is dividing the number of morphemes by the number of utterances. For example: 150 morphemes / 50 utterances = 3.0 MLU Sample 1 1) Calculate MLU 2) which of Brown’s developmental stages has the child reached? 3) identify the morphemes used by the child 4) identify the semantic functions used by the child *CHI: why dis got holes? %act: looking at holes in U