Coilbased Artifact Reduction ISMRM基于伪影减少今年的线圈.ppt

Parallel Imaging Reconstruction Reduced acquisition times. Higher resolution. Shorter echo train lengths (EPI). Artefact reduction. SENSE reconstruction Generalized SMASH Composition of matrix S Coil convolution matrix C gSMASH Linear operations Linear algebra. Fourier transform also a linear operation. gSMASH ~ SENSE Original SMASH uses linear combinations of data. SMASH SMASH GRAPPA Linear combination; fit to a small amount of in-scan reference data. Matrix viewpoint: C has a diagonal band. solve for R for each coil. combine coil images. Linear Algebra techniques available Least squares sense solutions – robust against noise for overdetermined systems. Noise regularization possible. SVD truncation. Weighted least squares. Absolute Coil Sensitivities not known. Coil Sensitivities All methods require information about coil spatial sensitivities. pre-scan (SMASH, gSMASH, SENSE, …) extracted from data (mSENSE, GRAPPA, …) Pre-scan In data One-off extra scan. Large 3D FOV. Subsequent scans run at max speed-up. High SNR. Susceptibility or motion changes. No extra scans. Reference and image slice planes aligned. Lengthens every scan. Potential wrap problems in oblique scans. PPI reconstruction is weighted by coil normalisation Handling Difficult Regions SENSE in difficult regions Sources of Noise and Artefacts Incorrect coil data due to: holes in object (noise over noise). distortion (susceptibility). motion of coils relative to object. manufacturer processing of data. FOV too small in reference data. Coils too similar in phase encode (speed-up) direction. g-factor noise. Tips Reference data: avoid aliasing (caution if based on oblique data). use low resolution (jumps holes, broadens edges). use high SNR, contrast can differ from main scan. Number of coils in phase encode direction speed-up factor. Coils should be spatially different. (Don’t worry about regularisation?) Multiple coils - “parallel imaging” k-space coil views coil sensi