Colloid Stability Institut fr Chemie der Uni Potsdam胶体稳定性研究所研发252R波茨坦大学化学.pptVIP

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Colloid Stability Institut fr Chemie der Uni Potsdam胶体稳定性研究所研发252R波茨坦大学化学.ppt

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Colloid Stability ? Surface area of colloidal systems Cube (1cm; 1cm; 1cm) after size reduction to an edge length of 500 nm: ? surface area of 60 m2 Spinning dope (1 cm3) after spinning to a fibre with diameter of 1000 nm: ? fiber length of 1273 km 1 liter of a 0.1 M surfactant solution: ? interfacial area of 40000 m2 Surface atoms [in %] in dependence on the particle size [in nm] Colloidal systems have large surface areas surface atoms become dominant Colloid stability Colloidal gold: stabilized against coagulation ! Creme: stabilized against coagulation ! Milk: stabilized against coagulation ! Particle – Particle interactions Interaction Energy ( Vtot) – Distance of Separation (d) Relationship Vtot(d) = Vattr(d) + Vrep(d) - Van der Waals attraction - Electrostatic repulsion - Steric repulsion DLVO - Theory 1940 – Derjaguin; Landau; Verwey; Overbeek Long range attractive van der Waals forces Long range repulsive electrostatic forces DLVO – TheoryVan der Waals attractive energy Double layer models Helmholtz Gouy Chapman Stern Gouy Chapman model planar double layer Ions as point charges Electrolyte theory Solution of the P-B equation DLVO – TheoryElectrostatic repulsive energy Vtot(d) = Vattr(d) + Vrep(d) Vvan der Waals = - A a / 12 d Velectrost. = k e-?d A – Hamaker constant a – particle radius d – distance between the particles 1/? - thickness of the double-layer Electrostatic stabilization stabilized against coagulation ? Kinetically stable state Critical coagulation concentration (CCC) The energy barrier disappears by adding a critical amount of low molecular salts DLVO – Theory (CCC) DLVO – Theory (CCC) For two spheres the ccc should be related to the valency (1 : 2 : 3) of the counterions as: 1000 : 16 : 1,3 CCC of a colloidal dispersion as a function of the salt concentration Steric stabilization What wil